Literature review spontaneou pneumothorax Essay

Literature review spontaneou pneumothorax - Essay ExampleIn order to attain this clinical ability, and hyperkinetic syndrome to knowledge and skills, this literature review focuses on addressing what is known about the condition, the signs and symptoms it sits, and the management of the bosom drainage organization which is the most common treatment for patients with involuntary pneumothorax.Background and Definitions Spontaneous pneumothorax is partial or complete lung collapse, each without any previous trauma, or with perceptible medical causes, and occurs as a result of the build-up of channel in the pleural cavity. It is classified as primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP). PSP may be present in patients in the absence of any fundamental lung disease, typically affecting, for example, a young, healthy, tall thin man. Also, a history of smoking may be associated with an increased risk of PSP. More than one third of patients with PS P slip away within a few years. On the other hand, SSP is found in patients with the complications of underlying lung disorder, which include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or infectious lung disorders. The risk of recurrence in patients with SSP is higher than with PSP, referable(p) to underlying pulmonary disease (Baumann, 2006 Baumann and Noppen, 2004 Guo, Xie, Rodriguez and Light, 2005 Sheah and Peh, 2003 Roman et al, 2003 Ryan, 2005 Wakai, 2006). Symptoms Identified and Recorded in the Literature There be two main symptoms presented by spontaneous pneumothorax, namely chest pain and dyspnoea. Chest pain is the most common symptom with regard to PSP. In Seremetis study, (cited in Roman, 2003), 90% of patients with PSP presented with chest pain, which was commonly described as sharp and limited to the region of the pneumothorax, increasing with deep inhalation. Other symptoms include dyspnoea, tachycardia, decreased or bump off chest movement and brea th sounds in the affected area. However, patients with SSP commonly present more severe dyspnoea, reservation it potentially fatal. In particular, hypoxemia and hypotension can be severe in COPD patients with SSP. Symptoms of SSP can be difficult to detect, due to underlying pulmonary disease (Baumann, 2006 Baumann and Noppen, 2004 Roman et al, 2003 Ryan, 2005).Treatment The most widely used treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax is the chest drainage system, the management of which is the nurses responsibility. Therefore, it is very important that nurses know the functions of the chest drainage system and treat interventions for managing patients. (Allibone, 2003 Lehwaldt and Timmins, 2005 Thorn, 2006). Chest drainage removes abnormal accumulations of air or fluid in the pleural cavities, while preventing air or fluid returning. It is necessary to ensure that chest drainage bottles are placed be low-pitched chest level. The system includes three basic components suction run acro ss, water seal, and collection chambers (Allibone, 2003 Roman et al, 2003 Thorn, 2006). The suction control chamber is used to advance the drainage rate and lung re-expansion. The British Thoracic Society guidelines (Lehwaldt and Timmins, 2005), recommend low pressure suction, approximately -10 to -29 mmHg however, there is no consensus on the amount of suction that should be applied.