“How to Poison the Earth” by Linnea Saukko Essay

The two principle purposes Linnea Saukko has in â€Å"How to Poison the Earth† are convincing and referential points. She utilizes models order and depictions to enable the peruser to all the more likely comprehend the eventual fate of the planet if people keep on a similar way of decimation. The fundamental modes she utilizes in the principal passage are circumstances and logical results, and later arrangement of contamination into ground water and air strategies is utilized Saukko begins the paper off by saying, â€Å"Poisoning the earth can be troublesome on the grounds that the earth is continually attempting to purify and recharge itself.† She not just uses mockery to make peruser think what she is stating is intended to taken actually, however she orders the primary techniques to harm the earth. She stress the requirement for poisonous synthetic substances like uranium-238, plutonium, PCB, and DDT. Alongside the need to spread those synthetics around the earth, she begins to convince the peruser that if those two sections occur, we will harm the earth. The following two sections she accentuates a few different ways to spread the poisons into the shell of the earth. She arranges those into profound well and shallow-well infusions, and dumping. The profound well infusions are to â€Å"ensure that the earth is harmed right to the core,† while the shallow-well infusions are to pollute groundwater springs. In section two she gives the peruser instances of profound well and shallow-well infusions and how these will guarantee that the center is harmed. The third section connections to the second by clarifying that if people place dumps by groundwater that this technique and shallow-well infusions will harm the water. Saukko mockingly expresses that since there are just 50,000 dumps in the United States,† they ought to be situated in regions where they will hole to the encompassing ground and surface water.† In passages four, five, and six Saukko utilizes circumstances and logical results to tell the best way to carry pesticides and different toxic substances to lakes, waterways, and seas. She clarifies that on the off chance that plants ingest the pesticides, at that point the toxin will wind up in the ground water. She again snidely suggests that â€Å"surface water isâ very critical to defile since it will move the toxic substances to places that can't be sullied directly.† It is significant for ground water to be harmed with the goal that lakes will be harmed, since lakes can hold the toxins. The difficult she discusses next is the waterways. Waterways act like a characteristic channel before water streams into the sea. That is a purging impact where the difficult untruths. In the 6th passage she clarifies how the seas go about as a characteristic support for the poisons. She at that point assesses that the best way to stop this cradle is to dump legitimately into the sea. This won't just dirty the support, however transport poisons to places that can't be arrived at something else. In the seventh section she proceeds with the transportation by going into the air transportation part. She assesses the circumstances and logical results of burning and dissipation to make corrosive downpour. The corrosive downpour wrecks not very many lakes and living creatures, so the contamination will remain in the lakes, seas, and streams. She at that point clarifies that since â€Å"the lower environment can purify itself reasonably effectively, we should detonate atomic test bombs.† The impact of this is the radiation will circle the earth for a considerable length of time and devastate the air. Be that as it may, gravity will bring pull a portion of the radioactive particles to earth. The best way to battle the gradually diminishing radiation is to keep on setting off atomic bombs. Linnea Saukko’s article is exceptionally powerful. She utilizes influential and referential purposes to get the reader’s consideration, with mockery, and bring to consideration the principle strategies to execute the planet. From the start the exposition is by all accounts planned for advancing what will slaughter the planet, however later on it is useful on what we should know about so we don't execute the planet. The creator gives more inside and out methods of slaughtering the planet, however generally Saukko makes a fundamental framework on the most proficient method to forestall harming of the earth.

The Social Position of Women in the late 19th century Europe essays

The Social Position of Women in the late nineteenth century Europe papers During the last long stretches of the nineteenth century ladies, as usual, ladies held a mediocre situation to men, which generally mirrored their societal position. In spite of the fact that laws were assisting with improving the womans job in the public eye, she was still gone up against with lawful, instructive, and financial difficulties. Before the finish of the nineteenth century and the start of the twentieth century enhancements helped in giving ladies more rights, and instructive and word related chances. Prior on in the century ladies did not have the rights to claim their own property regardless of their position in the public arena. Ladies had to offer compliance to their spouses, and had negligible chance to be separated from their without experiencing various clarifications and preliminaries in courts. Ladies typically needed to demonstrate more than one offense against their spouses to be allowed a separation. Indeed, even instances of assault and abuse worked more to the benefit of the spouse. Ladies were burdened with the way that they had minimal opportunity to go past being a house spouse. Men on the other had were the leader of the family, acquired the property rights, had increasingly instructive chances, and significantly more lawful rights. Society was not to assist ladies. Numerous ladies were ignorant in light of the fact that they were precluded any sort from securing essential or auxiliary instruction other than care taking. Numerous schools didnt start to acknowledge ladies until after the 1860s. At the point when they accepted ladies the numbers were constrained in light of the fact that ladies came up short on the instruction to be set up for a higher learning. They were excessively powerlessly unfit to be admitted to colleges. Regularly, the explanations behind men not needing ladies to be conceded incorporated the way that the schools may become stuffed and ladies may make an excessive amount of progress and challenge customary methods of sex jobs. Without access to higher learning organizations ladies got no opportunity of propelling their individual social or financial status. ... <!

Hiv/Aids Pandemic in Liberia free essay sample

Recognizing HIV positive people and not enlisting them in any consideration and treatment program nearly ensure proceeded with transmission of the virus†1. This report is looks to give the most recent data about the spread of the ghastly HIV/AIDS pandemic in Liberia. It incorporates information on the entirety of the fifteen political development of the nation. The greater part of the data was acquired from reports and materials from the National AIDS and STIs Control Program (NACP). The NACP is the national Secretariat set up by the Liberian Government through the National HIV/AIDS Commission to execute usage of projects. Albeit different materials were counseled too, the Internet additionally contributed monstrously to this report. The discoveries in this report are disturbing, and it expects everybody to act fittingly to turn around the circumstance, else it would be past the point of no return for the flourishing of our nation. Therefore, I might want to modestly beg the consideration and help of all benevolent Liberians who will peruse this paper to help spare our nation. There are supplements connected which ends. I should recognize and value the Government of Liberia through the NACP for permitting me access to materials that help this report. Not likewise overlooking my course teacher, Mr Peter D. N. Duncan, MSc. in Education, for giving hypothetical and good direction all through the task time frame. I trust this paper has met its goal as the point delineates. give measurable information that help my investigation and 1 Khalipha M. Bility, Ph. D. , Program Manager, NACP Annual HIV and AIDS Review 2007-2008, pp. 2 Page 2 of 15 PDF made with pdfFactory Pro preliminary adaptation www. pdffactory. com II. HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC: â€Å"Its Social Ramifications and Impacts on the Liberian Society† The verifiable records and realities of the disclosure of the HIV/AIDS infection in Liberia can be followed similarly as in 1986 when the principal conclusion was made at Curran Lutheran Hospital in Lofa. Since that time, very little sensible and solid measurements and data had been made accessible. The Government of Liberia had just reacted with the foundation of the National AIDS and STIs Control Program (NACP) in 2001. This office has the legal order of national oversight obligation of all cases identifying with the horrible infection. Until this point in time, Liberia is analyzed of three sorts of the pandemic: HIV-1, HIV-2, and the mix of both (HIV-12). Rates of HIV/AIDS cases in Liberia, from 1986 to 1997, have been recorded as follows: In 1986, two HIV cases were accounted for; In 1989, three people tried constructive; In 1991, fourteen cases were accounted for; In 1993, four people tried for HIV; In 1994, twelve people tried for HIV; In 1996, eighteen people tried constructive; and in 1997, 48 patients tried constructive. The Ministry of Health and the National Aids Control Program (NACP) had likewise detailed in 2001 that more than 100,000 Liberians were tried positive for HIV who were essentially between ages 15-29, speaking to a 20 percent expansion over the past twomonth period. Around the same time, it was accounted for by Time Magazine that Liberia AIDS figures was put around 39,000 carriers2. These figures were upheld and affirmed by UNAIDS. Despite the fact that state-of-the-art, the NACP report shows that HIV/AIDS cases are generously under-announced during earlier years, in its Annual HIV and AIDS Review 2007-2008, it is accounted for that Liberia HIV positive populace, in view of the 2007 Antenatal Care (ANC) Sero Prevalence Survey, is 173,6193. Right now, in its Quarter Nine Report (June to August 2009) a sum of 1,411 patients4 are HIV/AIDS bearers; in any case, this figure depends on the quantity of people assented for testing during the quarter. Information for Bomi, Gbarpolu, Grand Kru and River Gee regions are avoided in light of the fact that data for these regions were not accessible at time of the audit. Show 1 gives a more detail pictorial perspective on the circumstance. The locale has commonly significant levels of contamination of both HIV-1 and HIV-2. The beginning of the HIV pandemic in West Africa started in 1985 with announced cases in Cote dIvoire, Benin and Mali. Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Cameroon, Senegal and Liberia followed in 1986; Sierra Leone, Togo and Niger in 1987; Mauritiana in 1988; The Gambia, GuineaBissau, and Guinea in 1989; lastly Cape Verde in 1990. The HIV/AIDS pestilences spreading through the nations of Sub-Saharan Africa are exceptionally changed. The principle driver of disease in the area is business sex. Despite the fact that it isn't right to discuss a solitary African pestilence, Africa is without question the district generally influenced by the infection. Occupied by simply over 12% of the universes populace, Africa is evaluated to have over 60% of the AIDS-contaminated populace. A significant part of the danger of the pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa has to do with a fatal cooperative energy among HIV and tuberculosis, however this collaboration is in no way, shape or form constrained to Africa. Truth be told, tuberculosis is 2 A. History and Facts Time Magazine, 12 February 2001, Vol. 157, No. 6 Annual HIV and AIDS Review: 2007-2008; pp. 5 NACP HIV AIDS QUARTER 9 REPORT: JUNE †AUGUST, 2009; pp. 7 3 4 Page 3 of 15 PDF made with pdfFactory Pro preliminary variant www. pdffactory. com the universes most noteworthy irresistible enemy of ladies of conceptive age, and the main source of death among individuals with HIV/AIDS. 1. Training Awareness Building The present figures about HIV/AIDS commonness is a solid sign that trashing and separation stays a significant imperative to exhaustive information assembling on the real predominance rate for Liberia. This implies numerous Liberians are not ready to go for directing and testing. HIV avoidance exercises are key segments in battling the pandemic in Liberia. The NACP during the quarter keep on spreading HIV anticipation messages to expand mindfulness in everyone. These messages were spread through different medium including banners, pamphlets, schedule among others. As indicated by its yearly report, a sum of 29,3565 materials were appropriated to wellbeing offices, NGOs, CBOs, FBOs, and other executing accomplices during the quarter. By a near examination, given the most recent five years, with these awarenesses on HIV anticipation, one can dare to dream that there will be an adjustment in conduct of the populace. Like one columnist detailed in October 2005 stated: â€Å"first the uplifting news. Youthful Liberians think about AIDS, how they may get the illness and what they can do to secure themselves. Presently the awful news! They are not placing that information into practice6. An examination dispatched by the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) found that while nine out of 10 respondents realized HIV could spread through sex, and six out of 10 realized a condom would ensure them, just one out of 10 utilized it the first occasion when they engaged in sexual relations. Regardless of high information rates, the sexual acts of such a large number of Liberian young people incorporate high paces of unprotected sex. This logical inconsistency is significantly upsetting and requires we all to try harder to adequately speak with youngsters about the genuine danger of HIV/AIDS†7. B. Defamation and Discrimination C. Emotionally supportive networks The Government of Liberia through the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and the National AIDS STI Control Program has shown solid political will because of the battle against the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Through the NACP, there has been over past year purposeful endeavors and solid key associations with the worldwide network and altruistic associations. Together, they have gained striking ground over the period under audit, June 2007 to August 2009, as of arrangement of this report. For example, the administration of the Health Ministry and the NACP keep on giving direction and arrangement oversight all through the usage time frame. Individuals from the National AIDS Commission are contributing in noteworthy manners to assist Liberia with moving towards: One national AIDS Authority, One Action Framework and One checking and assessment framework. The United Nations Development Program, (UNDP) keeps on giving stewardship of the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM) that is presently making ready to quicken general access. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is offering help for the anticipation of mother-to-kid transmission of HIV contamination (PMTCT) program. The World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Commission on AIDS (UNAIDS), International Labor Organization (ILO), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) and a few different individuals from the UN framework keep on giving material supplies, coordinations and specialized help. The Clinton Foundation, a beneficent association set up by previous U. S. President Bill Clinton has assumed vital jobs in the accomplishment of the consequences of the 5 NACP Annual HIV and AIDS Review: 2007-2008, pp. 8 Claire Soares/IRIN, LIBERIA: Youth not incorporating HIV anticipation exercises, 28. 10. 2005 Angela Kearney, UNICEFs delegate for Liberia. Individual Interview with Claire Soares/IRIN; 27. 02. 2005 6 7 Page 4 of 15 PDF made with pdfFactory Pro preliminary variant www. pdffactory. com current information bank at the NACP. Different accomplices included CHAL, AWARE, Abbott Labs, University of Massachusetts, and the PIRE Institute that keep on giving specialized help to crafted by the NACP. The help of the different area wellbeing groups and the high level of collaboration of wellbeing offices over the 15 political developments were motors in the assortment and the executives of information. 1. Number of people got testing and guiding The NACP and its accomplices have kept on executing nati

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 932 Words

In ancient Greece, Aristotle formulated a new format for drama where there would be a beginning, middle, and an end. As years went by, this format or structure became known as the five-act play. This structure contains five parts that allow a smooth transition throughout the play. These five parts include the exposition, the rising action, the climax, the falling action, and the denouement or resolution. Although Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, only contains four acts, it can be analyzed through a combination of acts into a five-act structure. Although in the typical five-act play Act I contains only the exposition, Miller uses this to incorporate part of the rising action.The introduction of the setting occurs, which is in a small†¦show more content†¦In Act II, however, the remainder of the rising action occurs. Hale came to the town of Salem due to the overwhelming amount of accusations. He questions Tituba who was the first victim accused. Shockingly, she revealed that the Devil attempted to force her to kill Mr. Parris. After the reveal of Tituba’s confession, a complete uproar in the town occurred, and many expressed concern and threat by the thought of witches. In addition to the many accusations, the Proctors learn of a false accusation of witchcraft against John’s wife, Elizabeth. The harsh fight against Abigail and her accusations will now be in full force.The beginning of the trials commence and this is where the conflict arises. Unwillingly, John faces the decision of whether to confess that he was guilty of committing lechery with Abigail, to save his wife, or keep quiet about the situation with Abby, which will hurt everyone around him. Elizabeth’s statement, â€Å"I think you must go to Salem, John. You must tell them it is a fraud,† lets the audience know that Elizabeth will support John through this harsh time. In the end, he chose to admit to adultery, sacrificing his reputation and good name in the town, due to the harsh fact that no

Learn How to Say Goodbye in French

Once you know all there is to know about saying bonjour, you can work on saying goodbye in French. Here again, you have some options. The Standard French Way of Saying Goodbye Au revoir is pronounced or voar in modern French. Its not a mistake per se to pronounce the e, but most people would glide over it nowadays. Au revoir always works, no matter what the situation is, so if there is one word to remember, its this one. When you can, add monsieur, madame or mademoiselle or the persons name if you know it after au revoir, its much more polite to do so in French. Be Careful With Salut Salut is a very informal French greeting. It can be used when you arrive, kind of like hey in English. And it can also be used as you leave, with friends, in a very relaxed setting or if you are younger. Bonne Soirà ©e Is Different From Bonne Nuit Now, when you leave, you may also say something beginning with have a good... Bonne journà ©e: have a good day.Bon(ne) aprà ¨s-midi: have a good afternoon (un/une aprà ¨s-midi is both masculine and feminine... Its weird, I know. In any case, no matter the spelling of bon/bonne here, the pronunciation will be the same because of the liaison.) Now, when it comes to saying have a good night, as in a good night out, with your friends, you need to say: bonne soirà ©e. Its a mistake I hear a lot; students of French do a literal translation and say: bonne nuit. But a French person would only use bonne nuit before someone goes to bed, as in have a good night sleep. So you need to be particularly careful about that. Bonsoir Is Hello in the Evening and Goodbye Bonsoir is mostly used to say hello when you arrive somewhere in the evening, we use it from time to time to say goodbye. In that case, it means the same as bonne soirà ©e have a good evening. Saying Bye, Tchao, Adios in French Why are other idioms appropriate here? Well, its very trendy among French people to use other languages to say goodbye. Actually bye, or bye-bye is extremely common! French speakers will pronounce it the English way (well, as much as the French accent permits it...) Formal and Outdated Farewells Adieu literally means to God. It used to be the way we said goodbye, farewell in French, so youll find it in literature and other classic mediums. But it has changed, and today, its really outdated, and carries the notion of forever goodbye.   Gestures Associated With Au revoir Just as with bonjour, the French will shake hands, wave, or kiss goodbye. The French dont bow. And there is no true French equivalent to an American hug. You should also practice your French greetings and kissing vocabulary  and you may also want to learn  how to say see you soon in French.

A Nation at Risk and No Child Left Behind Deja Vu for...

Before the No Child Left Behind act came into effect there was a report done in 1983 called A Nation At Risk. Within in this report is information and statistics about how academic underachievement had reached national and international scales. In response to this report the National Commission on Excellence in Education came up with 38 recommendations for the schools. The recommendations were divided into five categories: content, Standards and Expectations, Time, Teaching, Leadership and Fiscal Support (A Nation at Risk and No Child Left Behind: DÉJÀ VU FOR ADMINISTRATORS?). Most notably, the report led to comprehensive school reform efforts, was the impetus for the academic-standards movement, drew attention to the significance of†¦show more content†¦Teachers have to focus mainly on the basic meaning of what the students need to learn instead of teaching the deeper and worldly application of the material being taught. In addition, every year each grade is required to make higher scores on the standardized tests than the year before. There is also the fact that the NCLB program holds children back. Those who are gifted or high performing students are not given the attention that they need, because all of the funding that the schools are given from the program is being used on programs to get all of the students to the minimum skill requirement, which is set by the NCLB. Also NCLB only focuses on math skills, English language skills, and eventually a science skill. This only eleva tes the scores for two fundamental skills that students need in today’s world. In focusing only on these few skills students lose the benefits of a broader education. Some schools in times of budget cuts have had to cut some of their classes so that they can focus on the subject areas dictated by the NCLB. Plus, some schools have done surveys and found out that high school students are lacking knowledge in the subjects of history, civics, and literature. Another point that people disagree with is the fact that the Act is requiring 100% of students, including disadvantaged and those with special needs, within a school to reach the same state standards in reading and math byShow MoreRelatedEssay on no child left behind1844 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ No Child Left Behind Act Introduction The No Child Left Behind tends to cause neglect to important subjects because they are non-tested subjects, such as Social Studies, Art, health, and Music. With the neglect of these subjects, there is more focusing that’s being done on the tested subjects, like Math and Reading. This may cause a greater impression that NCLB is a positive thing for our educational system but studies show this is misleading to the public. States can set their ownRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesyou the fundamental building blocks for becoming more innovative and changing the world. One of the most important books to come out this year, and one that will remain pivotal reading for years to come.† Chairman and CEO, salesforce.com; author, Behind the Cloud â€Å" e Innovator’s DNA is the ‘how to’ manual to innovation, and to the fresh thinking that is the root of innovation. It has dozens of simple tricks that any person and any team can use today to discover the new ideas that solve the

Advanced HR Management-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment.com

Questions: 1.What is human Resource Strategic Planning? What may the objectives and targets of the plan relate to? 2.In order to Identify emerging practices and trends, you may need to undertake environmental analysis. How can you do this? What is involved in the process? 3.Give examples of the different options for sourcing labour supply. 4.When considering the Impact of new technology, what should you think about? 5.You should be aware of recent and potential changes to industrial and legal requirements. Give two examples of changes that you are aware of. 6. When Consulting with relevant Managers, what methods can be used? What should you inform them about? 7.What are Human Resource Philosophies and Values? 8.What should the objectives and targets of your plan set out? What will this enable? 9.Give two examples of the different options for the provisions of human resource services. 10.What may technology be used to support? 11.What are the key ingredients of a strategic HR plan? 12.When developing a risk management plan, what should you ask yourself? 13.In order to see that the plan is Implemented, you will need to work with others. Who may these be? 14.Why should you Monitor and review the Plan? What questions will you need to answer in order to this? 15.Give two examples of Changes in circumstances that may result in your plan needing to be adapted. 16.What does an Evaluation of Performance enable you to do? Answers: 1.Human resource strategic planning is the interconnection among the organisation and its employees that support in developing the workforce in such a manner that they effectively meet all the demands and deliver utmost efficiency and productivity. It ensures that there are appropriate numbers of people in appropriate place and at an appropriate time (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). The targets and the objectives of the plan relates to employee engagement and motivation, career growth, training, performance management, succession planning, retention, reward and pay and recruitment. 2.To undertake and perform an environmental analysis firstly a team must be developed, and then there must be identification of the various sources of collecting info. The information must be analysed and the key issues are required to identify. Related to this, appropriate strategic options must be identify and these options are required to incorporate in the overall strategic planning process. After that there must be monitoring of the trends and associated actions must be taken. There is involvement of political, technological, economic, social, legal and environmental factors. 3.Different options for sourcing of labour supply comprises of outsourcing such as hiring services from outside; consultants such as the trainers who can provide training; off-shore workers such as workers from some other nation at cheap wages; recruitment of new trainees to have new talent and faster working and recruiting casual labour when the company has a temporary need so that it can be cost-effective. 4.While considering the effect of the innovative technology, there must be concern related to the number of individuals required, the work processes, procedures and practices of work, location of work and shills needed to accomplish tasks. The changes which are aware of include the changes in employment laws related to workplace bullying and zero hours contracts. 6.Methods used: there can be take use of video conferencing, one-to-one meeting, questionnaires, and telephone and group presentations. Should be informing about: information must be related to what are you currently working upon, in what manner and the reason behind it; information to be ask from the and what 5.will be you next step after getting their inputs. 7.Human resource values and philosophies are the organisational guiding and moral principles which guides the workforce that in which manner the tasks are performed in that organisation. These philosophies are developed by the insights of the leadership styles of the senior managers (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang, 2014). 8.targets and objectives must set out succession planning, diversity, staff retention, equal employment, remuneration, HR information systems, selection and recruitment, induction, professional development, job design, performance management, job analysis and WHS. This will enable success measurement, HR budget allocation, communication of activities and plans, effective decision making and prioritisation of the activities and plans. 9.Two examples comprises of outsourcing such as the HR functions are outsourced to some other company and it handles all the functions o HR department and second is external consultant such as hiring HR consultant on a contract basis for specific purposes whenever required such as for job design, recruitment, etc. 10.Technologies may use to support the training and development activities, the processes related to performance management and the non-human HR services. 11.Key ingredient of strategic human resource plan comprises of the timeframes, budget, objectives and priorities. 12.The questions asked from one-self while developing a risk management plan comprises of: What are the risks associated with the event? What is the probability of the risks whether it is low, medium or high? What are the impacts of the risks? What is the mitigation plan to avoid and reduce risk? What are the contingency plans? 13.In a risk management plan there is a need to work with the employee representative groups, suppliers, HR personnel, outsourcing agencies, line managers and the external contractors. 14.It is necessary to monitor as well as review the plan to analyse that the plan is executing effectively and there is no kind of deviation the planned and the actual outcomes. It also helps in achieving desired results by identifying and working on all the loopholes which can be the barricade in successful implementation of the plan. Questions need to answer relates to completion of the actions, reason for incompletion, effect of incompletion task, budget adhered or not, reason for not adhered, obstacles in implementation, changes required, new actions, implications of the new actions and delivery of the strategic human resource plan. 15.The two changes are the modifications in the requirements of the industry or unpredicted change in laws and rules and modification in the direction in the strategic plan of the company. 16.Evaluation of the plan enables in assessing that at what degree the original objectives were feasible and correct, assessing the targets attained and their impact, identifying the adherence of the budget and deadlines, learning from completion and incompletion of tasks and reporting progress to the stakeholders of the organisation. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56.

Hari Raya Festival free essay sample

Raya Festival Hari Raya Puasa will be celebrated by the muslims after one month of fasting. Me and family as a muslims, Hari Raya Puasa is a special fasting on the month from foods and drinks from Subuh until Maghrib . This festival will be celebrate for month either. In Malaysia, we can see the muslims early prepared for the becoming special day. They decorate their house, buying new clothes and making many types of food and cookies for the special day. The night before the special day arrived, my family and I as usual    a lot of activities happen same as the other festival. I can see my parents and my grandmother will busy making delicious food, while my little brother were enjoying themselves playing fire-crackers with other family members. The house    which is located far from the town especially, will be decorated with ‘Pelita’ arrowed the house. ’Pelita’ is made up from bamboo stick actually, but now people had invented a new kind of ‘Pelita’ which is made from plastic that is safe to used. We will write a custom essay sample on Hari Raya Festival or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The main menu for muslims on Hari Raya are ketupats,lemang ,rendang and many types of biscuit. These food can be seen other peoples and relatives houses. Usually, there must be held by the muslims. Different kind of races will be visiting their muslims neighbours house to celebrate together the special day. Lastly, I hope that Malaysian people can maintain that style. Every festival have their own specially. I also hope that from the coming years, Hari Raya Puasa will be celebrated more happening as I’ve done my job as a student. Amin.

Coup dEtat and Coup de Grace

Coup dEtat and Coup de Grace Coup d’Etat and Coup de Grace Coup d’Etat and Coup de Grace By Maeve Maddox Watching a rerun of Castle (U.S. television police drama), I was startled to hear a character use the expression counting coup. TV script writers rarely throw in literary or historical allusions. I was pleased to hear it, but disappointed to hear the character pronounce the p in coup. English has borrowed coup from the French not once, but twice. In about 1400, coup came into English with the literal meaning of â€Å"a blow or a stroke.† As a completely naturalized word, this use of coup was pronounced with a p until it dropped out of use. Later, in about 1640, the word coup was borrowed into Modern English in the expression coup d’etat. coup d’etat /ËÅ'ku deÉ ªÃ‹Ë†tÉ‘/. noun. a sudden and decisive stroke of state policy. In this figurative expression, the p at the end of coup and the t at the end of etat (French for â€Å"state†) are silent. Several other figurative expressions containing the word coup may be found in English texts written since then. At least twocoup d’etat and coup de graceare still common in the general media. Coup d’etat is often shortened to coup and used to describe a take-over of power, as in â€Å"a military coup.† The p is silent. coup de grace /kudÉ™ ˈgrÉ‘s/ noun. a blow by which one condemned or mortally wounded is quickly killed to be spared further suffering. As novelist Rick Castle explains to his bewildered detective friends, counting coup refers to a custom of the North American Plains Indians. Counting or taking coup could be a literal touching of an enemy with hand, weapon or stick and escaping alive, but it could also refer to taking a scalp, stealing horses, or any other bold act that bestowed prestige upon the doer. I’ll mention one more use of coup that may be familiar to billiard players: to run a coup. This, according to the OED, is â€Å"the act of holing a ball without its first striking another ball.† In case anyone is wondering, the word coupe, in which the p is pronounced, comes from the French verb couper, â€Å"to cut.† The French past participle form is coupà ©, pronounced /kuˈpeÉ ª/. American usage dropped the accent mark, changing the pronunciation to /kup/. The word first came into use to describe a type of horse-drawn carriage. Now it refers to a two-door automobile. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesHyper and HypoMay Have vs. Might Have

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

International Business - Essay Example Multinationals are powerful companies employing many people and earning a lot of money. Often their location is welcomed by governments around the world because of the benefits of employment and wealth they bring to a country. Multinationals are a source for progress. I agree with the statement because of the fact that it gives way to globalization, international relations and sustainable development. The first multinational corporation in the world was the Dutch East India Company and the first modern multinational company is believed to be East India Company. It was a mega corporation holding immense power and control in the sub-continent by coining money, forming colonies and negotiating treaties. Multinationals have power and control, they can use their huge revenues and control over distribution channels and brand loyalty of consumers to push countries to open their markets and lessen their support for local companies. If we talk about China alone, great amount of foreign invest ment has entered their economy with foreign-funded firms increasing from a number of 470,000 to over 500,000 in just a span of two years, from 2004 to 2006. Multinationals form a major part of this increasing number, employing about 24 million people and representing around hundred of China’s 200 large exporters and monopolize main market segments like soft drinks. With the emergence of multinationals, the world is advancing leaps and bounds due to increasing globalization. Technology and communications have advanced to such a level that it has revolutionized the selling of products all over the world. Multinationals get in touch with new communities in the global market by building production factories in other countries, besides, their home country. Coca-Cola, a huge soft drink manufacturer now sells and manufacturers soft drinks in over 200 countries across the world. Similarly, Microsoft, a computer software company, earns its 27% of annual sales revenue outside of the Un ited States. In many ways the world is becoming one large market than a series of separate national markets. The same goods and services can be found in many countries throughout the world. Globalization is the term now widely used to describe the increased worldwide competition between businesses (Stimpson, 2006). There are several reasons for this increasing global competition. Free trade agreements and economic unions have reduced protection for industries. Consumers can now purchase goods and services from other countries with no import controls. Improved travel links and communications between all parts of the world have made it easier to compare prices and qualities of goods from many countries. This has further developed as the internet has become more widely available worldwide. Many countries which used to have undeveloped manufacturing industries have been building up these businesses very rapidly. Countries in South East Asia and China itself used to import many of the go ods they needed. Now, that their own manufacturing industries are so strong they can export in large quantities. This creates much more world competition. Globalization has led to more choice and lower price for consumers. It has forced firms to look for ways of increasing efficiency. Inefficient producers have gone out of business. Many firms have merged with foreign businesses to make it easier to sell in foreign markets. This is one of the

Technological Changes in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Technological Changes in Organizations - Essay Example Lately, many transactions taking place in businesses have incorporated the use of technology and its devices in form of electronic components. The invention of computer technologies was the hallmark of development in information globally. This resulted in the development of soft wares capable of handling technical business transactions with minimal or no errors at all. To promote business growth, managers have entirely embraced the use of technology in their operations (Deb 2001). This reduces the challenges arising from application of technology compared to using the traditional methods in administration. The technologies mostly available for use by businesses are computer technology and information technology. It is in the digital era that electronic transactions have reduced paperwork by improving on modes of accessing business information. Some businesses have been able to embrace technology while others view it as hindrance to their operations. Technology and management Technolo gy has drastically altered the manner in which businesses are conducted (Deb 2001 P 94). The stakeholders in businesses have received this with mixed reactions. To some it has been a blessing, whereas to others a disgust. Furthermore, it has lead to the opening up of new markets by connecting different regions globally. Efficiency has increased in organizations that have fully embraced the use of technology in their business applications. Modern managers are utilizing information technology in decision making using systems such as decision support systems. Implementing technology comes with its challenges in organizations. In the first place maintaining the technological infrastructure demands a lot in terms of expertise required by the management team. Organizations have to incorporate training on technology in their courses to adjust with the modern trends. Organization will align their policies with technological advancements in order to minimize conflicts that may arise in meeti ng requirements of the law as pertaining technology. Technology requires maintenance in terms of costs for the equipments put in place. Incase of a system breakdown, businesses will realize losses that will affect their staff’s morale negatively. In addition, organizations lose traditional expertise initially used in serving guests. Automated machines have replaced human beings thus denying clients the personal touch in service: such as emotions expressions by the service staff. Technology causes anxiety among employees when they are not sure of what might happen in term of technological advances, thus lack of job security. There has to be training and education of employees to ensure they are aware of the current trends in technology. Finally, setting up technological infrastructures such as purchase of computer for information transactions is not the solution to organizations problems. Organizations with limited resources should sought expertise from professionals when hand ling technical business issues. Technology in management According to (Deb 2001, P 109), organizations intending to use technology should set plans that will guide the application of technologies in businesses. Embracing innovations has to be with a purpose and not just for the sake of profits. It will enable analysis of business data and carrying out research to find out market needs. Consequently,

Psychology and Pets Essay Example for Free

Psychology and Pets Essay When you are tired of stress from work, pets can encourage you to go out for a walk to release stress or play with you in the garden. Pets bring you some moments of relaxation and mind refreshment, which makes you never feel lonely even when you live with no one. It is obvious that pets can create new attitudes towards life for people, particularly for the disabled and withdrawn who are always not confident in communicating or taking part in social activities. By keeping pets, they may become more sociable, open and approachable because they can interact, communicate and play with their pets. Due to the advantages it offers, keeping pets becomes a popular, especially in Eastern countries, for the older generation, who often live far from their children. In these situations, pets are truly their close friends, helping them remove the feeling of emptiness and loneliness. The companionship of pets may meet some basic human needs, which is not easily explained in theory but is believed by most people. Pets guard houses and save peoples lives. In many cases, people choose to keep dogs for their home security. The houses will become safer because strangers might be scared that they will be attacked by the animals inside. When you are out and you leave your house empty, you do not have to worry that burglars may break into the house and take away valuable assets even when you return home at mid night. If there is any intruder or strange persons around your house, dogs will bark loudly, making a noise to frighten the stranger and give you a warning. Pets can protect not only the assets but also save peoples lives. Dogs and sometimes cats can attack the burglars to protect the owners in case they are harmed. Many owners can stay alive due to the protection from the dogs they keep in their houses. Pets enhance nice behavior among children Researchers showed that children who usually play with pets can behave nicely and become more caring. Playing with pets and learning how to treat them with love may help uncommunicative children be agile and affable, which is important for their growth in the distant future. Kids sometimes find no interest in getting outside, but they may alter their decisions immediately if they see that they can take a cat or a dog along. Teenagers, whose parents are too busy to spend time with them, sometimes have to face with bland lives and loneliness. In these scenarios, they consider pets to be their alter ego who they can play and talk with, which can solve some kind of emotional problems that children are vulnerable to get. It is believed that teaching kids to treat kittens and puppies with care and kindness is of great importance for forming their behaviors and characteristics. To sum up, keeping pets is not merely a habit but is one way of relaxation and amusement. Moreover, keeping pets does not only guard your house but also fulfills some basic mental human needs.

Poetry of E. E. Cummings Essay -- Poetry Poem

Life's Not A Paragraph Throughout his poetry, E. E. Cummings seduces readers deep into a thicket of scrambled words, missing punctuation, and unconventional structure. Within Cummings's poetic bramble, ambiguity leads the reader through what seems at first a confusing and winding maze. However, this confusion actually transforms into a path that leads the reader to the center of the thicket where Cummings's message lies: one should never allow one's experience to be limited by reason and rationality. In order to communicate his belief that emotional experience should triumph over reason, Cummings employs odd juxtapositions, outlandish metaphors, and inversions of traditional grammatical structures that reveal the "illogic" of reason. By breaking down the formal boundaries of his poetic structures, Cummings urges his readers to question boundaries of any kind. Indeed, in the same manner Cummings's literary style appears to be uncontrolled; many of his poems, such as "since feeling is first" and "as freedom is a breakfastfood," in turn suggest that emotion provides the compositional fabric for our experience of life, and therefore, emotion itself should never be defined or controlled. In "since feeling is first," Cummings urges his reader to reject any attempts to control emotion by using English grammar as one example of the restrictive conventions present in society. By stating that "since feeling is first / who pays any attention / to the syntax of things," Cummings suggests that emotion should not be forced to fit into some preconceived framework or mold (1-3). He carries this message throughout the poem by juxtaposing images of the abstract and the concrete--images of emotion and images of English grammar. The abstract na... ...g thicket because he believes the path of the straight and narrow limits the possibilities of experience. Through the unconventionality of his poetic structures, Cummings urges his readers to question order and tradition. He wants his readers to realize that reason and rationality are always secondary to emotion, that emotional experience is a free-flowing force that should not be constrained. Cummings's poetry suggests that in order to get at the true essence of something, one must look past the commonsensical definition, and not be limited by "the syntax of things." Works Cited Cummings, E. E. "as freedom is a breakfastfood." E. E. Cummings: Complete Poems 1904-1962. Ed. George J. Firmage. New York: Liveright, 1991. 511. Cummings, E. E. "Since feeling is first." E. E. Cummings: Complete Poems 1914-1962. Ed. George J. Firmage, New York: Liveright, 1991. 291.

A Horse and Two Goats †Summary Essay

Answer the question: Compare the relationship between Muni and his wife and the relationship between the American and his wife. Throughout the story â€Å"A Horse and Two Goats†, we can comprehend a lot of outstanding differences between the relationship of Muni to his wife and the relationship of the American to his wife. Two relationships are two details contributing to build the distinction between two cultures: India and America. Although they have many differences, there still exist some similarities between Muni’s relationship and the American’s relationship. In this essay, I will show some differences and similarities to explain for this comparison. In the relationship of Muni and his wife, at the beginning, they suffered these sneers from people surround them. Moreover, in this relationship, we can see clearly the right to keep controlling in their family. In particular, when Muni was rich and took more money, he had enough right to decide and control most of things in his family. At the same time, he also lorded it over his wife: â€Å"He had thrashed her only a few times in their career†. However, when he loses everything and becomes a poor man, he also loses his right in his family: â€Å"Later she had the upper hand†. Gradually, he has to obey what his wife orders him. This seems to be a habit so that’s why he doesn’t have any effort to resist his wife’s orders, just do it: â€Å"†Our store is empty today. Dhall, chilli, curry leaves, mustard, coriander, gingelley oil, and one large potatoe. Go out and get all this. † He repeated the list after her in order not to miss any item and walked off to the shop in the third street†. Although Muni follows his wife’s orders, somehow he still underestimates a little bit about women. Perhaps he thinks that because of the case from the postman: â€Å"We had a postman in our village who could speak to you boldly in your language, but his wife ran away with someone and he does not speak with anyone at all nowadays†. With Muni, women can have right to make all decision in their family but it does not mean they can do what they want like the wife of the postman. Thus, meanwhile his wife controls everything in his family, he still wants to manage his wife: â€Å"Who would if a wife did what she did? Women must be watched; otherwise they sell themselves and the home†. In the relationship of Muni’s family, they love together but the poverty makes them be emotionless. However, in the bottom of their heart, they still care about each other. In the relationship of the American and his wife, it seems to be better than Muni’s relationship because their financial condition is better than that of Muni. Ruth, the wife of the American, is a good wife and understands thoroughly everything. She serves her husband with all her devoted heart. With just a simple act, she can recognize and know what she has to do next. We can say that Ruth is so intelligent, this can be proven by the detail: â€Å"I told my wife, Ruth, â€Å"We will visit India this winter, it’s time to look at other civilizations. † Next day she called the travel agent first thing and told him to fix it, and so here I am. Ruth cam with me but is staying back at Srinagar, and I am the one doing the rounds and joining her later†. Maybe, a good financial condition is one of the better way to make people understand together and can sympathize with each other. In addition, Ruth is also a clever wife, she knows how to makes her husband comfortable and have more free in making most of decision. Because the American knows that his wife is reasonable, he all makes decision without her but he also prepares some good evidences for his decision to show his wife understanding. For example, â€Å"Ruth may disapprove, but I will convince her. The TV may have to be shifted, too. We can’t have everything in the living room. Ruth will probably say what about when we have a party? I’m going to keep him right in the middle of the room. I don’t see how that can interfere with the party we’ll stand around him and have our drinks†. Through the relationship of the American, we can see a free culture in America in some aspects but they still keep their happiness and their love. In particular, in this relationship, we can see how the American’s wife gives him his free hands to do anything which can be proven by the freedom in making decision of the American and vice-versa. Also, the American agrees to let his wife have freedom to do anything, such as â€Å"Ruth can go by air if she likes, but I will go with the horse and keep him in my cabin all the way if necessary†. Two above paragraphs show some differences between Muni’s relationship and the American’s relationship. On the other hand, they still have some similarities. To stand out from this is both of wives really love their husband. However, due to some cases, they have different expressing depending on each situation. With Ruth, she shows her love by letting the American have free to decide anything and take care of everything careful for her husband to make him feel comfy when he is beside her. Also, in Muni’s relationship, maybe we don’t see these sweet acts from Muni’s wife but she loves Muni and takes care of him by all her heart. In spite of colorless acts from Muni’s wife, we can still realize how caring she is! Living in a difficult condition, she is not still far away from Muni. By contrast, she cares that Muni doesn’t have anything to eat. For instance, we have some details like â€Å"you are getting no sauce today, nor anything else. I can’t find anything to give you to eat. Fast till the evening, it’ll do you good. Take the goats and be gone now† or â€Å"She was sure to go out and work grind corn in the Big House, sweep or scrub somewhere, and earn enough to buy foodstuff and keep a dinner ready for him in the evening†. At the end of the story, we can see some acts from Muni’s wife, such as â€Å"She snatched the notes from him, counted them by the glow of the fire, and cried â€Å"One hundred rupees! How did you come by it? Have you been stealing? †Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"If you have thieved, the police will come tonight and break your bones. Don’t involve me. I will go away to my parents†. From these sentences, we see that poverty takes Muni’s wife to be blind to distinguish where is the truth? She loves Muni very much so she is so painful with her own think that Muni steals this amount of money. She cries very much. Especially, we can see her extreme pain when she thinks Muni is a stealer. By analysis, somehow we see some basic differences of two cultures in married life. The main reason for these differences is the level of financial condition in each family. In Muni’s family, they are so poor so money controls their living. At first, Muni has all right to make decision and he is respected by all people around him because he is rich. However, when he becomes poorer, everyone is far away from him. Furthermore, the right to control everything in the family now belongs to his wife. By contrast, in the American’s relationship, because they have a better financial condition, that’s why they are easy to understand together. A good finance is also a factor to make them feel free in doing anything because they can feel more comfy. In addition, tradition in marriage is another factor in changing their love and their treatment in the married life. Therefore, in comparison, these differences and these similarities appear that’s because of financial condition and tradition in marriage.

Julius Caesar And His Family House - 883 Words

Julius Caesar was born in 100 B.C. he was born and raised in the Subura neighborhood of Rome. It was a lower class neighborhood in a small valley, he continued too lived in his family house for over thrity years. He was named after his father Julius Caesar, his father was very absent in his life. Back then Roman men were active in politics and military which was in high demand back then. Caesar grew up in a small home that was surrounded and squeezed between butcher shops and taverns. The houses were faded inward so you would only see the wooden door facing out into the street. The small shops were usually on the lower level of the home which were street level and was unconnected to the rest of the home. His mother Aurelia was his primary influence in his life, she oversaw his upbringing and education with additional responsibilities such as managing household affairs, supervising slaves, and handling squabbles with neighbors. Caesar and his sister were taught by private tutors at home. The less fortunate Roman boys and girls would be taught by a school, paper was not reach to the west for centuries and papyrus from Egypt was too expensive. Therefore each child would carry a small rectangular piece of wood in the center there would be wax which would be there writing center. Caesar had memorized huge amounts of literature including the Twelve Tables laying out the basis of Roman law. Around Caesar sixteenth birthday he had dedicated his childhood toys to theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar1201 Words   |  5 PagesDellinger English II 4/18/17 Julius Caesar There are many people you may have heard of that lived during 100 B.C.- 10 A.D. in Rome. Some of those people include Marcus Brutus, Cleopatra, Mark Antony, and Julius Caesar. In this paper I will be talking about Julius Caesar. And while doing so I will be talking about his early/personal life, his career, and his assassination. 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Definition and Examples of Confirmation Bias

In argumentation, confirmation bias is the tendency to accept evidence that confirms our beliefs and to reject evidence that contradicts them. Also known as  confirmatory bias. When conducting research, people can make an effort to overcome confirmation bias by deliberately seeking evidence that contradicts their own viewpoints. The concepts of perceptual defense bias and the backfire effect are related to confirmation bias. The term confirmation bias  was coined by English cognitive psychologist Peter Cathcart Wason (1924-2003) in the context of an experiment he reported on in 1960. Examples and Observations The confirmation bias is a consequence of the way perception works. Beliefs shape expectations, which in turn shape perceptions, which then shape conclusions. Thus we see what we expect to see and conclude what we expect to conclude. As Henry David Thoreau put it, We hear and apprehend only what we already half know. The truism, Ill believe it when I see it might be better stated Ill see it when I believe it.The potent effect of expectations on perception was demonstrated in the following experiment. When subjects were given a drink that they thought contained alcohol, but in fact did not they experienced reduced social anxiety. However, other subjects who were told they were being given nonalcoholic beverages when they were, in fact, alcoholic did not experience reduced anxiety in social situations. (David R. Aronson, Evidence-Based Technical Analysis. Wiley, 2007) The Limits of Reason Women are bad drivers, Saddam plotted 9/11, Obama was not born in America, and Iraq had weapons of mass destruction: to believe any of these requires suspending some of our critical-thinking faculties and succumbing instead to the kind of irrationality that drives the logically minded crazy. It helps, for instance, to use confirmation bias (seeing and recalling only evidence that supports your beliefs, so you can recount examples of women driving 40 mph in the fast lane). It also helps not to test your beliefs against empirical data (where, exactly, are the WMD, after seven years of U.S. forces crawling all over Iraq?); not to subject beliefs to the plausibility test (faking Obama’s birth certificate would require how widespread a conspiracy?); and to be guided by emotion (the loss of thousands of American lives in Iraq feels more justified if we are avenging 9/11). (Sharon Begley, The Limits of Reason. Newsweek, August 16, 2010) Information Overload In principle, the availability of a great deal of information could protect us from the confirmation bias; we could use information sources to find alternative positions and objections raised against our own. If we did that and thought hard about the results, we would expose ourselves to a valuable dialectical process of objections and replies. The problem is, though, there is too much information to pay attention to all of it. We must select, and we have a strong tendency to select according to what we believe and like to believe. But if we attend only to confirming data, we deprive ourselves of the opportunity to have well-reasoned, fair, and accurate beliefs. (Trudy Govier, A Practical Study of Argument, 7th ed. Wadsworth, 2010) The  Backfire Effect and Affective Tipping Points The strongest bias in American politics is not a liberal bias or a conservative bias; it is a confirmation bias, or the urge to believe only things that confirm what you already believe to be true. Not only do we tend to seek out and remember information that reaffirms what we already believe, but there is also a backfire effect, which sees people doubling down on their beliefs after being presented with evidence that contradicts them.So, where do we go from here? Theres no simple answer, but the only way people will start rejecting falsehoods being fed to them is by confronting uncomfortable truths.  Fact-checking is like exposure therapy for partisans, and there is some reason to believe in what researchers call an effective tipping point, where motivated reasoners start to accept hard truths after seeing enough claims debunked over and over. (Emma Roller, Your Facts or Mine? The New York Times, October 25, 2016) Perceptual Defense Bias Like other biases, the confirmation bias also has an opposite which traditionally has been termed perceptual defense bias. This process refers to the automatic discounting of disconfirming stimuli that protect the individual against information, ideas or situations that are threatening to an existing perception or attitude. It is a process that encourages the perception of stimuli in terms of the known and familiar. (John Martin and Martin Fellenz, Organizational Behaviour and Management, 4th ed. South Western Educational Publishing, 2010) Confirmation Bias on Facebook [C]onfirmation bias—the psychological tendency for people to embrace new information as affirming their pre-existing beliefs and to ignore evidence that doesn’t—is seeing itself play out in new ways in the social ecosystem of Facebook. Unlike Twitter—or real life—where interaction with those who disagree with you on political matters is an inevitability, Facebook users can block, mute and unfriend any outlet or person that will not further bolster their current worldview.​Even Facebook itself sees the segmentation of users along political lines on its site—and synchronizes it not only with the posts users see but with the advertisements they’re shown. (Scott Bixby, The End of Trump: How Facebook Deepens Millennials, Confirmation Bias. The Guardian [UK], October 1, 2016) Thoreau on Chains of Observations A man receives only what he is ready to receive, whether physically, or intellectually, or morally, as animals conceive their kinds at certain seasons only. We hear and apprehend only what we already half know. If there is something which does not concern me, which is out of my line, which by experience or by genius my attention is not drawn to, however novel and remarkable it may be, if it is spoken, I hear it not, if it is written, I read it not, or if I read it, it does not detain me. Every man thus tracks himself through life, in all his hearing and reading and observation and traveling. His observations make a chain. The phenomenon or fact that cannot in any wise be linked with the rest which he has observed, he does not observe.(Henry David Thoreau, Journals, January 5, 1860)

Understanding Buddhism, It Can t Be A Religion Essay

Understanding Buddhism â€Å"Buddhism, it can’t be a religion.† one might say. Before getting to understand Buddhism I saw people just meditating calmly sitting in peace, all I thought in my head was, what a boring life they have. I wasn’t open-minded of why they were doing these things. This last year though, I have been told to try meditating to calm my nervous and mind down, since I was having so many problems with stress. After meditating a few times a week I saw results of my anxiety. After the third section of meditation, I looked forward to it, since I always felt at ease after wish a following of wonderful sleep. With experiencing what I did I grew an interest in wanting to understand what Buddhism was. I had known idea what they worshipped but from the point of view of wanting to learn I saw them more know was at peace with themselves. Before I started an interview to find out about Buddhism I looked up and read some things about it. First thing that shocked me over all was th at there is no God or gods. I question for a second in my head if I was reading it correctly, but I was. It is a very psychological religion, very mind based. The person I interviewed to get more of an understanding in Buddhism is named Wichaya Pienchob. We were both siting in are bed rooms, but on totally opposite sides of the country. How I got to get in touch with him is I asking around if anyone know any Buddhist, my friend told me a guy he went to St. John s Northwestern Military Academy yearsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Following in the Ways of Zen Buddhism1396 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing in the Ways of Zen Buddhism I fell in love with the first Buddhist I ever met. That is to say I fell in love with a man who is a Buddhist. I, however, am not a Buddhist. I have faith in what I find to be right rather than committing to a religion that I would not wholeheartedly believe in. 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God And Descartes Essay Example For Students

God And Descartes Essay May 25th, 2000 Descartes sets about proving the existence of God through hismeditations on knowledge in an effort to prove the skeptics of his time wrong. He first determines that human knowledge is based entirely too much on unprovedpresuppositions. He argues that this makes it difficult to distinguish betweentruth and error, since we cannot recognize true knowledge. Descartes proposesthat the quest for knowledge must be based upon universal doubt. Specifically,he proposes the following in relation to his universal methodic doubt: 1. Inorder to seek truth, it is necessary once in the course of our life, to doubt,as far as possible, of all things. 2. We ought also to consider as false allthat is doubtful. 3. We ought not meanwhile to make use of doubt in the conductof life 4. Why we may doubt of sensible things. 5. Why we may also doubt ofmathematical demonstrations. 6. We cannot doubt of our existence while we doubt,and this is the first knowledge we acquire when we philosophize in order. Descartes proceeded to strip away his knowledge base in order to determine theone indubitable fact, Cogito, ergo sum. From this absolute knowledgeof his own existence, he set about deducing the existence of God throughontological argument. In our minds, the idea of God is one of an infinitelyperfect Being An infinitely perfect being must have existence, otherwise itwould not be infinitely perfect. Therefore, God exists. In proving theexistence of God, Descartes set the groundwork for determining that God createdman. He further postulated that God, being infinitely perfect and not adeceiver, could not have provided man with the deceptive powers of knowledge. Therefore, mans mental faculties are determined to be trustworthy provided weseparate what there is of clear and distinct in the knowledge from what isobscure and confused. Using this reasoning, man must discard all previousknowledge which is doubt-ridden, all sensory-based knowledge (as perceptions canbe misleading), and all intellection. As a result, skepticism is removed andvalid knowledge possible. Descartes primary purpose was the defense of humanknowledge against the attacks of the skeptics. He was justified in excludingpreconceived notions, presuppositions, and traditions in determining the limitsof knowledge. Descartes discarded the ability of the mind to know truth and thehuman abilities of contradiction and sufficient reason. In doing so, he made asolution to the problem impossible. As it relates to his theory of the existenceof God, Descartes universal doubt refutes his own conclusion as to Godsexistence. Descartes formed an idea of God as an infinitely good being. He woul dhave had to discover this idea within his own mind. According to his principleof universal doubt, he cannot simply know whether his conception of God iscorrect or incorrect. He would have, as a matter of his own principle,considered it as false until proven otherwise. Therefore, since the idea of Godis in doubt, the trustworthiness of mans reasoning must also be doubtful andDescartes cannot escape his own real doubt. Descartes uses a process ofreasoning, a mathematical formulae, in attempting to demonstrate Godsexistence. If his reasoning is of demonstrably doubtful validity, how canDescartes demonstrate Gods existence? The validity of Descartes reasoning issupposed to flow as a consequence of the infinite perfection of God; and Godsinfinite perfect is made certain through Descartes reasoning powers before hehas even proven that these reasoning powers are valid and trustworthy. Descartesassumes the very thing beforehand which he intends to prove afterwards. (Beggingthe question). D escartes accepts the trustworthiness of his faculties indemonstrating the existence and infinite perfection of God, and that isillegitimate. A doubtfully valid faculty will produce a doubtfully validargument which will, in turn, produce a doubtfully valid conclusion. The entireargument for Gods existence is therefore nullified by a suspect reasoningprocess. Since he proves the reliability of his reason and process by means ofGods veracity, the proof of his reliability cannot be established beyond doubt. .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 , .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 .postImageUrl , .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 , .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6:hover , .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6:visited , .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6:active { border:0!important; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6:active , .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6 .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee7fc1ea4fc76a82b10aa3f025c962d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: bioethics EssayThus, Descartes attempt to vindicate the validity of human knowledge failed,because, by rejecting the reliability of his own powers to discover and knowtruth, he made it impossible for himself to remove himself from his ownuniversal doubt. Further, Descartes has marked inconsistencies in the manner inwhich he applies his procedure. He purports to reject everything in his pursuitof fundamental knowledge, even principles of contradiction and sufficientreason. In reality, he does not. He assumes the truth of these principles anduses them repeatedly. Cogito ergo sum is based upon the validity ofthe principle of contradiction. This principle states that it is imp ossible forsomething to be and not be at the same time. Descartes becomes aware of his ownexistence by thinking or doubting. Why? Because he perceives that it isimpossible to think and not think and to exist and not exist at the same time. If he were consistent and seriously doubted the principle of contradiction, hewould have to agree that it is possible for an entity to think and not think, toexist and not exist at the same time. Then, according to his own supposition, hecould not be sure after all that the fact of his existence is certain. Only bygranting the validity and truth of the principle of contradiction beforehand,can his existence be established as an objective fact. That is exactly what hedoes. The same line of reasoning applies to his proof of Gods existence andinfinite perfection. Descartes rejection of the principle of contradictioninvalidates his arguments because, as long as this principle is not establishedand accepted, he could never be sure whether it would be possible for God toexist and not exist at the same time. Similarly, Descartes would have to remaindoubtful as to whether God could be veracious and not veracious, deceiving andnot deceiving unless the principle of contradiction was taken for granted beforeDescartes begins to prove Gods existence. Descartes does not accept thisprinciple of contradiction throughout his reasoning. This is a glaringinconsistency in his arguments. Descartes further conducts his inquiry into theexistence of God with the supposition that he doubts the principles ofsufficiency and causality. Unfortunately, he uses these principles before he hasproven their validity. To wit: Descartes a posteriori argument for the existenceof God. Descartes believes that God is an infinitely perfect being that couldnot have originated in our minds because an idea such as this would exceed thecausality of the mind, as the mind is less perfect than the content of the ideaitself. Consequently, the idea had to be produced by God himself otherwise therewould be no sufficient reason for the presence of such an idea in the mind. Clearly, Descartes uses the principles of sufficient reason and causality indemonstrating the existence of God, even though he doubts their validity. Therefore, if he lets these principles stand as doubtful, his entire argument isnullified by doubt. If he accepts them as valid prior to establishing theirvalidity, he is acting in contrary to his fundamental doubt doctrine. In eithercase, he makes the existence of God impossible. Descartes could not prove Godsexistence consistently as he could only do so through the use of a reasoningprocess which, according to his own principles, was essentially doubtful in itsvalidity. The only thing he could ever be certain of was his own existence. Thistoo, strictly speaking, he should have doubted, because he had doubted theprinciple of contradiction and the testimony of his own consciousness. IfDescartes had been consistent, he would have aligned with the skeptics becausehis universal doubt left him no other choice. Universal doubt, therefore, is aflawed course in pursuing an understanding of human knowledge and the existenceof God. Complete doubt cannot lead to an understanding of human knowl edge. .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 , .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 .postImageUrl , .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 , .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73:hover , .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73:visited , .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73:active { border:0!important; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73:active , .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73 .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud2766a5050986f73dc93d2558e4a1e73:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Night In The Rain EssayPhilosophy

Proctor Gamble Company

Scope of the Report. This report is designed to address the economic, political, social and environmental opportunities and risks facing Proctor and Gamble Company in the next ten years.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Proctor Gamble Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Executive Summary. Several decades ago, organizations have been exposed to limited regulations and existed in less competitive environments. As a result, several companies may not have observed the utmost care in the provision of goods and services to their customers. In the recent world, however, more regulations have been imposed and competition has stiffened due to increasing business competitors. As a result, there has been improvement in the quality of goods and services, as well as, adherence to environmental sustainability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the economic, political, social and environmental opportunit ies and risks facing Proctor and Gamble Company in the next ten years. In the first section, the overview of the company and stakeholder analysis is given. In the second section, the current issues facing the company are analyzed in detail. Lastly, the issues that the company would face ten years to come are explained in detail and a conclusion given. Overview of the Company. Proctor and Gamble Company is a multinational company that ranks highly among the fortune 500 companies (McGowan 24). The company deals in the manufacture and production of several household products that are affordable. In 1837, William Proctor and James Gamble dealers in candle production and soap making respectively, met and started the company (Funding Universe 7). Several years later, the two business partners successfully started their first laboratory within the United States of America (Funding Universe 7). Roughly 58 years later, in 1930, the company acquired a British soap manufacture and went on to e stablish a new manufacturing plant in the Philippines. Currently, the company is a market leader and sells over 300 products in several countries on the globe. â€Å"Some of these valuable products that the company boasts of include Pampers, Ariel, Tide, Gillette, Oral-B, Max Factor, and Mr. Clean† (Funding Universe 7). Proctor Gamble conducts intensive research and marketing all over the world, reaching in excess of 160 countries, and owns 115 factories in over 80 countries (McGowan 24). As mentioned earlier, the company was founded and is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, in the United States of America. In all the worldwide plants, Proctor and Gamble possesses average of 138,000 employees and still growing. Besides the company’s capitalization in products, other fields such as the organization of radio and television shows have been exploited. Some of the aired shows include Down to Earth and Shirley Jones which have also played a significant role in marketing the company as a whole.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proctor and Gamble’s products are classified into five segments according to the functions of the products. â€Å"These five segments include fabric and home care, beauty care, baby and family care, health care, and snacks and beverages, which, allow for the easier application of various marketing techniques and strategies† (Funding Universe 7). The profitability of the company is attained through marketing all segments especially fabric and home, and beauty care that form the largest and second largest segments in terms of revenue. However, as the world population increases and intermingle, people’s needs, tastes and preferences, and loyalty tend to change with time. As such, existing and new entrants in the industry have kept increasing the competition forcing Proctor and Gamble to take appropriate measures to maintain a competitive edge in capital market zones. For instance, implementation of the ‘Organization 2005’ is one key strategy that is used to increase its global market share of the company. As such, this paper aims at giving the current political, economic, social, and environmental issues affecting the organization of Proctor and Gamble. Furthermore, the paper will address the political, social, economical, and environmental issues that will most likely affect the company 10 years from now, as well as, give the associated risks and opportunities. Key Stakeholders Proctor and Gamble has several partners who own key shares in the company according to the company rules of ownership. However, there is no significant evidence of the actual percentage of ownership in the company. Current Issues Economic Issues Since the 2007-2008 global recessions, the Gross Domestic Product of several nations both in the developed and developing countries, including the Unit ed States, have gradually decreased. For instance, the GDP in the United States experienced a reduction at an alarming rate of over 6 percent in the year 2008, and more people lost their jobs as a consequence. The GDP is the total value of all the goods and services produced by an economy in an annual basis and indicate the overall performance of the economy. Therefore, when the GDP of a country drops, fewer goods and services are produced; hence, people stay out of employment because organizations will try to reduce the workers (Isidore 1). Since the global recession, this has been the situation on the ground resulting in the weakening of consumer purchasing power. As a result, organizations will experience less profit due to reduction in the volume of sales (Isidore 1).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Proctor Gamble Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Ben Bernanke, the Federal Reserve Chair man, the situation would continue to exist until an improvement in its exporting destinations in several other parts of the world occurs. Further, he asserts that the rate at which the United States Economy recovers is dependent on the economy abroad because the country expects to rejuvenate through export revenues. Proctor and Gamble Company serve a vast market both in the United States and abroad, selling in excess of 300 products to more than 80 nations of the world (McGowan 24). As such, the economic hardships of such economies have negatively affected the operation and general profitability of the company. This is because the global economy plays a key role in ensuring that the company’s products move smoothly in all the target markets (Wohi 1). Despite the slight improvement in the economies during the recent years, the cost of oil has continued to shoot up leading to a second phase of inflation. This again, impacts the ability of potential Proctor and Gamble customers to purchase their products; hence, reduced profitability has continued to exist. Furthermore, Proctor and Gamble imports most of its raw materials from other countries and in the recent years, this has hugely impacted the performance of the company. For instance, commodity prices have drastically surged by more than 50 percent since 2002. As a result, close to half of Proctor and Gamble product costs are directly related to the cost of raw materials. In order to remain in business and make reasonable profits, the company resorted to increase the prices of several brands. However, being a market leader, Proctor and Gamble enjoys the economies of scale and can effectively moderate inflation of raw materials as compared to competitors (Shailaja, 2). The raw materials adversely affected by the inflation include coffee pries, growing paper pulp prices, fuel prices, and natural gas prices among several others that are not mentioned. As a consequence, the associated product prices such as coffee brands, fabric, and diaper goods have experienced fluctuations in expenses, as well as, generated reasonable profits for the company (Wohi 1). Despite the economic hardships being experienced in several nations, Proctor and Gamble has set up strategies that ensure success in its operations (Shailaja, 2).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political Issues The current economic situation in the United States and the other leading economies trigger various government reactions (Shah 5). As such, several governments including the United States Government has imposed some regulations in order to allow the smooth recovery of the economy. Apart from leading economies such as the United States’ economy, Japan’s economy, Britain’s economy, Spain’s economy and the economy of Singapore, other emerging economies of the world such as China have continuously been exposed to the effects of the global economy deterioration. With the United States economy being affected, China also experiences the economic strain as their exports to the United States significantly reduce. This scenario calls for political intervention by concerned governments in order to drive their economies towards the right direction. For instance, the gradual economic deterioration, inflation and unemployment put pressure on Ben Bernan ke to speed up the interest rate cuts in the United States in order to reduce the benchmark rate 0.75 percent down. This move was quickly adopted by central bankers in several other nations such as Japan and the UK region in order to allow their economies to thrive in the current economic difficulties. According to the IMF, the economy of the United States accounts for approximately 21 percent of the global economy; therefore, the deterioration of the economy put significant trickling effect to several other economies of the world. The reduction in the spending ability of American consumers has necessitated organizations to limit their importation budgets in order to avoid incurring losses. According to relevant sources the uncertainty of the United States stock prices has also negatively impacted other markets in several countries (Isidore 1). Apart from economy deterioration and inflation effects, there are other government regulations and policies that have significantly influenc ed the operation of leading organizations such as Proctor and Gamble Company. In recent occurrences, different consumer protection bodies have raised concerns over the dangerous chemical compositions of certain cosmetic goods. Additionally, researches conducted on the chemical compositions of cosmetic goods have indicated that 0.33 of these goods have carcinogens. In connection to that, the United States Food and Drug Administration imposed strict quality adherence rules that all cosmetics manufacturers must follow. These quality adherence regulations were imposed to ensure that consumers are protected against harmful products. These recent governing rules on product quality adherence impose significant delays in product launches within companies. Furthermore, the regulations lead to higher costs of finished goods due to a high cost in the product development process. As such, companies will have to ensure they meet such regulations; otherwise, they stand a risk of getting enormous fines or being banned from operation. In Europe, for example, the European Chemicals Agency was created in order to provide regulation on the quality of finished goods within the entire European markets. In order to comply with the strict rules and regulations, companies have to incur more costs. As a result, there is the creation of new barriers of entry that leads to a steady rise in fake household goods that put the general consumer population to new health risks. Proctor and Gamble, however, has set up new strategies to ensure the cases of counterfeits in its products are minimized so as to avoid revenue reduction and weakening of its brand image. Another political issue that has influenced the running of Proctor and Gamble is the change in the rules that govern the disposal of solid wastes. In order for the company to adhere to the strict rules, it changed to manufacturing some of its products such as diapers with biodegradable materials rather than PVC plastics. As a result, t he creation of recyclable diapers has been remarkably successful and enabled the company to realize substantial profits. Social Issues From the onset of the 21st century, key demographic changes took place in the American society and the world as a whole. As such, more and more women started going to work, and even some of them became the sole bread winners among their families. As years went by, families became more stable than in the earlier years; hence, the purchasing power of consumers significantly improved (Shah 5). Furthermore, mothers could take care of even larger families without straining their budgets as hard as it used to be several years back. On the other hand, companies such as Proctor and Gamble immediately identified the potential that existed in these consumers and took a positive step to market itself. The company identified women as their target group for household, beauty and other personal products; therefore, advertised directly to them. By using this techni que, Proctor and Gamble successfully entered the market and controlled a bigger market share than other competitors. Procter and Gamble went ahead to use women as decision influencers in the remaining product categories like food and beverage, and detergents. Additionally, Proctor and Gamble effectively applied the use of media such as radio and television shows as a way of promoting its brand name and products to the entire consumer population. This process involved the selection of proper media and programs in order to get sufficient conversions from the targeted consumers. Some of the aired shows that have played a significant role in marketing the company products include Down to Earth and Shirley Jones. In comparison to other competing organizations, Proctor and Gamble has consistently enjoyed the benefits of its innovations in most of the markets, both in the United States and abroad. Despite the various benefits that Proctor and Gamble has gained, there are cases where they h ave underperformed. From a general perspective, social concerns, lifestyle, and attitude play a crucial role in determining the success, failure or reputation of any organization that deliver goods and services. Over the recent years, for example, Proctor and Gamble experienced several boycotts that are linked to the exploitation of animals by the company. According to relevant sources, the company uses animals to conduct tests for products in order to ensure they are safe for use by their consumers. As established by animal rights organizations, the company and its leadership have engaged in unworthy practices that create an attitude that transfers fame and profits to the strong at the expense of the environment, people and animals. This scenario led to widespread trust issues about the company’s ethical standing, and the management had to step in to save the situation. â€Å"During the 5th World Congress on Alternative and Animal Use in Life Sciences (2005), the company ac cepted that it engages in animal testing as the last option in order to ensure products are fit for use by consumers† (Federal Institute of Risk Assessment 3). However, the company management insisted that they are making plans to remove the use of animals in conducting their product research (Federal Institute of Risk Assessment 3). As a resolution, the company stated that it has commits itself to employing other means of conducting product research within the company. This is depicted in its collaboration with government bodies and academia to promote the acceptance of alternative means for product research and testing in the company. Environmental Issues In all countries, there are several environmental concerns that are addressed for a peaceful coexistence between man and the environment to be realized. These environmental issues are addressed through the creation of environmental laws that control the activities undertaken (Shah 5). In most scenarios, these laws significa ntly influence the operation of key organizations both positively and negatively. In the United States, for example, there are several environmental laws which have been drafted to ensure the environment is kept clean and conducive for habitation now and for future generations. For example, the passing of the Solid Waste Act (1976) was intended at eliminating the causes of environmental dereliction that worsened due to increased population growth. Several companies had to respond to this environmental law or risk being penalized. Furthermore, the damage caused by disposal of diapers was counteracted by strictly following the established environmental laws. The rise of recyclable diapers also had some implications on the manufacturers such as the strict regulations and changes in consumer preferences. Furthermore, operating companies like Proctor and Gamble had to deal with increased levels of consumer awareness concerns and resentment for buying disposable diapers. In response, Proc tor and Gamble came up with the idea of using pulp to manufacture diapers rather than using PVC plastics and claimed their diapers are recyclable (Sewell 2). Since the diapers were biodegradable they eliminated cases of health hazard arising from non-biodegradable PVC diapers; hence, resulted in a cleaner environment (Sewell 2). In more recent years, newer regulations have been created such as the need for the provision of high health standard products, energy saving options and control of exhaust gases into the atmosphere. As a result, several organizations have strived to meet these regulations and global objectives by carrying out the best associated activities. Proctor and Gamble engaged in the 2005 Clinton Global Initiatives that are intended at providing the world with the best services for better live (Stockhouse 1). As such, the company committed itself to offering clean drinking water to millions of children in developing countries such as in the sub-Saharan Africa and Asia . According to relevant sources, more than 13 million children in the United States have inadequate food supplies, but Proctor and Gamble strives in to offer the necessary support (Proctor Gamble, 22). Through the leadership of McDonald (CEO) several environmental objectives have been realized depicting his excellent leadership skills and ability to serve without bias (Shedlock 2). For instance, the company successfully lowered water usage by 7 percent, energy consumption by 6 percent and carbon dioxide emissions by 8 percent in the year 2008. According to relevant sources, these results are exceptional and can only be realized through complete sacrifice and the ultimate determination to succeed. Furthermore, Proctor and Gamble helped to supply and distribute 430 million liters of safe drinking water in several parts of the world in its initiative to reach needy children in 2008 (Stockhouse 1). As a result, the company has continued to show its commitment to reach, support and impr ove the lives of people in the global scenario (Shedlock 2). Such initiatives also uphold the ethical drive of the company and in the long run may help to strategize its marketing capabilities in new markets. Future Opportunities and Risks. In the next 10 years, Proctor and Gamble Company will continue to experience significant changes in the political, economical, social and environmental issues. These changes will force the company to respond by creating strategies in order to remain competitive within the market and retain its market leadership (Proctor Gamble, 20-52). In the following pages, the possible issues, opportunities and associated risks that may impact the company are discussed in detail. Economic Issues By assessing the current global development trend, there are significant indicators of an increased economic performance in several countries. For example, various developing countries have established global goals and strive to meet these goals in order to have a rat ing on the global scenario (Shah 5). As a result of these initiatives, there are increased chances of better performance in developing countries within the next years. In response to this effect, various multinational companies have already started establishing their roots in such countries so that they can enjoy the benefit of first investors. These potential future economies are referred to as emerging markets and have the capacity to change the rating of an organization. Proctor and Gamble, for that matter, has started laying strategies for opening and establishing its operations in emerging markets such as in countries like India and Malaysia (Proctor Gamble Company 5). As such, the company’s idea is to locate itself close to the future consumers, as well as, win a bigger share of the market. These plans became clear in 2008, when the company announced its intention of establishing 19 factories in developing countries that have experienced exponential growth in their GDP over the recent years. Such strategic moves give the company a better chance of utilizing the new economic opportunities before other competing companies enter the new markets. Other opportunities associated with establishing itself in new markets include the enjoyment of free markets with less competition and still offer the best products. Considering that 80 percent of the world’s population resides in the developing countries, the potential of Proctor and Gamble to remain a market leader for several years to come is undoubted. However, despite the fact that there are numerous opportunities in establishing the company’s future in emerging markets, there still exist risks that should be put into consideration. First of all, competing companies such as Unilever and Colgate-Palmolive have already established factories in some of these markets; hence, Proctor and Gamble is expected to receive some form of competition during the implementation process. Furthermore, the c ompetition to offer the best products at the most affordable costs will have a significant effect on the reduction of overall profit margins. Second of all, developing countries tend to have unstable economies and the markets would vary with little uncertainty. As such, Proctor and Gamble may be in a risk of losing potential income trying to maintain its operation in such markets. Social Issues. Demographic factors such as population play a key role in creating a stable market that multinational companies can thrive in well. In most developing countries, the population growth rate is high and more children are being born (Shah 5). As such, the continued population growth increases the size of the potential market in the target developing countries. Therefore, in the coming 10 years, Proctor and Gamble will explore this excellent opportunity in the developing markets. With continued population growth, the demand for household products will increase; hence, a significant increase in t he volume of sales will be realized by the company. In addition to that, the social services that the company has been offering in the developing countries such as provision of safe drinking water and food in sub-Saharan Africa will live a lasting impact on the people (Proctor Gamble Company 5). As a result, the company will be appreciated for its ethical moves and potential consumers will always value being associated with the company. Therefore, the company’s name and brand will ensure it thrives well against other competing organizations. Furthermore, developing countries have an increased awareness in the value of education and more children are being taken to school. In Africa, on the other hand, education barriers and bias against the female gender is slowly diminishing and more females are being taken to school. As such, the level of literacy in the developing countries is going to improve, and the society will appreciate several development issues. According to relev ant information, literacy tends to increase the value of an economy because more people get into employment and are able to become financially independent. Ten years from now, this will be the likely scenario in developing markets because more people will be financially worthy due to created employment opportunities. As such, Proctor and Gamble is bound to operate within profitable margins because the purchasing power of the local citizens will have improved. Despite the potential opportunities, Proctor and Gamble will still be exposed to various risks during the implementation process in the emerging markets (Monks, Minow 32). For instance, other societies have various preferences and attachments to products. This might be the scenario in Asian countries where social values and culture play a crucial role in the behavior and lifestyle of the people (Puckett, 6). As such, Proctor and Gamble may have a rough time convincing or even changing certain products to march their tastes and preferences (Puckett, 6). Furthermore, existing competitors in developing countries will trigger strong product wars because the existing organizations will have studied the market and the needs of consumers. As a result, Proctor and Gamble will need to be more innovative in order to realize substantial market capitalization. Political Issues. In developing countries, there are several political factors that determine the success or failure of an organization. As such, the factors can positively influence or hinder the progress of a company in the territories (Shah 5). Governments in the Far East, India, Malaysia and China have strict government regulations that operating companies have to follow. However, there are both opportunities and risks that are associated with these regulations. As a result of the global wave, however, most governments have removed some of the strict regulations in order to allow global operations and businesses to thrive well in their countries. With this trend spreading to various developing countries, Proctor and Gamble will have an opportunity to trade without strict restrictions that would prevent smooth operation of the company. Proctor and Gamble has already started making advances that would enable maximization of these opportunities. For example, the company has already declared its intention in setting up an oleochemichal plant in Indonesia in order to secure a stable future supply for its fatty alcohol requirements (Proctor Gamble, 20-52). According to relevant sources, Proctor and Gamble has secured $100 million for the future investment in the Indonesian soil. On the other hand, Proctor and Gamble will have to face various risks that are usually associated with developing countries. Political instability is a leading cause of instability in developing countries and may negatively impact the operation and profitability of an organization (Sullivan 43). Several developing countries experience political instability due to an unstable government, civil wars and corruption among government officials (Puckett, 6). Such occurrences may hinder businesses operations and cause damages, overheads and other management issues. As Proctor and Gamble plans to enter the markets, it should be ready to face such risks in the near future. Additionally, other countries impose unusually high tax policies that would impact the profitability of the operating companies. In most African countries, for example, government imposes heavy taxes on the working population and operating companies. As a result, both the purchasing power and the profits margin of the operating companies are negatively affected. In the long run, some companies may fail to break even in the planned duration or even shut down due to excessive operating costs. Therefore, Proctor and Gamble will be exposed to this risk of operation and should be prepared for the worst case. Environmental Issues. In the current world, environmental issues are a serious concern and in many countries, the global perspective is preferred. For instance, several projects are undertaken with regards to their sustainability and value to the environment. In line with the global sustainability requirements, several governments have established their environmental laws to cater for efficiency such as the reduction in energy consumption, water consumption and reduction in carbon dioxide emissions (Proctor Gamble, 17). As a global initiative, several countries are taking part in these movements. Therefore, the governing laws encourage people and organizations to help make the world a more habitable place now, and several decades to come (Shah 5). Through such activities, the people are informed and learn how to use and manage resources. In the long run, the people will lead healthy lives; hence, save on hospital bills, medications and other associated costs. All these occurrences will enable the population in developing countries to be more sustainable and a ble to support their families because of improved living standards. As a result, the resultant population will eventually increase their ability to spend on their own improvement. In that sense, Proctor and Gamble will explore this opportunity and operate sustainably in such countries. The best part is that Proctor and Gamble has already taken an initiative to uphold sustainability among several developing countries such as in India, Malaysia and sub-Saharan Africa (Monks, Minow 32). The company has successfully managed to deliver clean drinking water to needy children all over the world in an effort to improve their lives (Proctor Gamble Company 5). As such, it has made a strong impact that will last impact the society. In the future, unfortunately, some governments would impose strict rules that would negatively impact the operations and profitability of Proctor and Gamble in their countries (Sullivan 43). These rules may include heavy ban on certain raw materials such as wood i n order to prevent deforestation and the slow process of desertification. Since the company heavily uses pulp in the manufacture of products and packaging material, it may have to find alternatives at the expense of its profitability. Therefore, such imposed bans would result in high operation costs and subsequent reduction in the company’s profit margins. Other regions such the European Union have strict environmental laws that determine the quality of products and the acceptable chemical compositions (Sullivan 43). In cosmetics products, for instance, harmful chemical products may be controlled by such laws and enormous fines would be imposed if such chemicals are reported to exist at harmful concentration levels. Proctor and Gamble will also incur further expenses in efforts to respond to strict laws. Conclusions and Recommendations. Several decades ago, many organizations operated without much regulation that would impact the operation of such organizations in a great man ner. Companies were established, operated, and several sustainability factors were never given the utmost attention. As a result, there was inadequate consumer protection laws, environmental laws, as well as, risk assessment procedures. With increasing awareness on the impacts of such establishments, the society started planning ways of protecting the environment, people and animals through setting up the governing rules. These rules and regulations change as time goes to accommodate the factors handled at one moment in time. Therefore, organization has grown and adapted to match the requirements of the society and deliver the best on its part. Proctor and Gamble, for example, has existed for more than a century and has undergone a series of changes through several generations. At the moment, Proctor and Gamble is a multinational company with products in excess of 300 and operates globally in more than 80 countries. As highlighted in the document, the company is a market leader and takes a strong lead in innovations. For instance, relevant sources have indicated that, on a yearly basis, the company introduces one to two leading brands into the market. In approximately 10 years from now, the company is devising strategies of reaching emerging markets. In connection to that, the company will be exposed to several opportunities within the political, social, economical and environmental perspectives. However, the success of the company depends on its ability to innovate and set up strategies that will carry it forward through the markets (Monks, Minow 32). On the other hand, the company will still face risks that may result from operating within the markets. As mentioned in the paper, the risks are numerous, and the company will have to create ways of negotiating past the risks (Sewell 2). As a market leader, the company must have the tactics of operating in exceptional markets and still emerge victorious in the end. Proctor and Gamble is a market leader and a pa ce setter; hence, it is inevitable to mention that it leans more on the success side than the failure side. Finally, I would like to conclude that constant improvement in organizational skills, innovation skills and marketing skills is the key to a successful organization. Works Cited Federal Institute of Risk Assessment. â€Å"5th World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences.† Bfr.bund.de. Bfr.bund.de, 2005. Web. Funding Universe. â€Å"The Proctor Gamble Company.† Fundinguniverse.com.  Fundinguniverse.com, 2011. Web. Isidore, Chris. â€Å"Europe Recession Risk grows, with or without Debt Default.†Ã‚  Financeyahoo.com. Financeyahoo.com, 2011. Web. McGowan, Evan. â€Å"Corporate Profile: Procter and Gamble.† Academy of Management  Journal, 12 (8). Pp. 20-28, 2006 Print. 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