Undecided Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Undecided - Essay Example In 1641, Massachusetts announced that slavery was legal thus became the first colony to legalize slavery (Lee 14). The Transatlantic slave trade that had begun around 1500 was the major slave supplier to America. New Haven, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Plymouth adopted fugitive slave law and in 1650, Connecticut legalized slavery. In 1662, Virginia passed a hereditary slavery decree that directed that children of black salves would be bond or freed depending on the condition of their mothers. Maryland legalized slavery in 1663, the same year that slaves in Virginia revolted. In the following year, New York and New Jersey legalized slavery while a law was passed in Maryland illegalizing marriage between white women and black men (Lee 15). Many states passed laws directing that Christian baptism would not change the status of slaves and slaves were not allowed to possess firearms. In states like Virginia, slaves were banned from meeting in large numbers and those who assaulted whites or tried to escape were severely punished. In New York, slaves were not allowed to sell commodities. In 1688, the first formal antislavery resolution was passed in Pennsylvania. Rice cultivation in Carolina intensified slave trade in the state. Some states such as Massachusetts penalized slave masters who freed their slaves. In Connecticut, slaves who disturbed peace or assaulted whites were whipped (Lee 16). Slaves in Rhode Island were required to carry passes when walking at night. In some instances, for instance in Virginia, slave masters were allowed to kill and destroy runaways. From 1711, slave trade started losing popularity in most states. For instance, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island prohibited the importation of black and Indian slaves. Even so, slaves were not allowed to marry or operate businesses without the permission of their masters. Occasionally, slaves got infuriated and revolted killing whites and their captors. In most states, slaves were not

Discuss the staging of Act 1 Scene 4 and Act 5 Scene 3 Essay Example for Free

Discuss the staging of Act 1 Scene 4 and Act 5 Scene 3 Essay Macbeth was written in 1606 for the current King James I. 1606 was in the Jacobean period, a time when people believed in the Divine Right of Kings. This is the belief that Kings were chosen by God. They also believed that the worst possible crime was to kill a King and this would result in being dammed to hell. They also believed in the Great Chain of Being, the importance of beings from highest to lowest. At the top was God and below him were the different positions held by Angels. Below Angels, the King was positioned above all other human beings. Because of this the King was given the title Gods Deputy On Earth. During the Jacobean period there was also a strong belief in witchcraft; this being present in the play greatly intrigued the audience. Act 1 scene 4 and act 5 scene 3 both show examples of Kingship. The Kingship shown in these two scenes are very different. In order to understand these differences we must focus on the way in which the scenes are staged and the audiences opinions generated by the script. Duncan is a very well respected and admired King. The people of Scotland admire and bow down to him, as they believe he is a good ruler. Duncan praises and rewards those who do well to him. He congratulates Macbeth in winning the battle against Norway and promotes him to Thane of Cawdor. Its ironic how Duncans two most trusted companions betray him. Macbeth had gained the title Thane of Cawdor off the previous traitor that turned against Duncan and fought for Norway. Duncan truly believes in loyalty and trust. This implies that Duncan is an extremely confident man. When he walks into a room, he knows people are watching him and this does not bother him. Macbeth rules very differently to Duncan. After killing Duncan, Macbeth begins to fear that this could easily happen to him. Macbeth does not praise those who do well, but punishes those who do bad or even nothing. If he feels they may be a threat to him he will immediately take action and eliminate them. Macbeth has no loyal friends, simply scared servants that do what they are commanded, fearing for their lives. The first scene shows Duncan as King surrounded by his loyal company, whereas the second scene shows Macbeth as King without the company of anyone except his servants which are treated with very little respect. In both of these acts the Kings are displayed in the same room of the castle. In act 1 scene 1, Duncan is informed about the death of Thane of Cawdor who is found to be a traitor and sentenced to death. The atmosphere presented is shameful but Duncan knows that the decision he made was right. In act 5 scene 3 Macbeth hears that the English army is heading for the castle. He also finds out the unstable condition of his wife. He jokes to the doctor and asks what the condition of the country is. The doctor replies very honestly saying that he would want to be as far away from Dunsinane as possible. In this scene Macbeth realizes that he will never be the King that Duncan was, he can see that the honor he receives is merely from the mouth and not from the heart. To show the different views from each scene I would present them similar to each other, as this would allow the audience to compare and make a connection between the scenes more clearly. In act 1 scene 4 I would arrange the characters in order to show their status. I would place Duncan in center stage and make sure that he is the main focus. In order to enhance this idea his position on stage must be raised above others. I would have his loyal accompanists by his side. By doing this it would create the sense that Duncan is a man of high status and respected and honored as a King. To create a connection between the two scenes I would place Macbeth in the same position as Duncan in act 5 scene 3. Duncans reaction to the betrayal and sentenced execution to the once loyal Thane of Cawdor should be very calm. He could also show a slight sadness by shedding a tear, this would show the audience that Duncan is shocked and upset by the acts of mistrust. Macbeth is faced with a similar situation in which could endanger his position as King, I would make him react violently and irritated. To create an obvious link between the tow scenes I would use a large throne as a distinctive prop. This throne would be grand and covered in red velvet. In act 1 scene 4 I would have Duncan using this throne in a proper manner, sitting up straight and proudly, where as I would have Macbeth slouching with one leg on an armrest. By using this prop it would display their differences in Kingship. In act 1 scene 4 Macbeth displays his loyalty towards Duncan by crying out O worthiest cousin! as Macbeth and Banquo approach. As he says this line I would make him have his arms wide open reaching out towards Macbeth. In line 31 Duncan says let me infold thee and hold thee to my heart. On this line I would make Macbeth kneel down and kiss Duncans ring. Rings were worn by Kings as symbols of their positions. Kissing this ring would show Macbeths respect towards Duncan. In part 3 of act 5, line 11, a servant informs Macbeth about the English armys approach towards the castle. Macbeth is worried, he shows great disrespect towards the servant by addressing to him with thou cream-facd loon. Whilst Macbeth says this line I would make him use violence towards the servant, hitting or shaking him. This would show an evil and uncaring King that is simply using his status to place himself above everyone else. Towards the end of this scene a doctor talks to Macbeth about the condition of his wife. Macbeth looks down to the doctor even though the doctor knows more about his wife than he does. Macbeth often reassures himself by referring back to the witches prophecies, while he does this I would have him pacing back and forth. The witches never told Macbeth what to do; they simply predicted the future and left it in the hands of Macbeth. This raises the idea that Macbeth might not have been King if he did not kill Duncan, or he could have become King at a later date from the natural death of Duncan. Dressing both of the Kings in each scene differently can compare their differences in personality. I would dress Duncan in a large pure white robe to show his clear conscience. I would also adorn him with gold jewelry to display his high status. Macbeth would be dressed very differently; I would have him in more common clothing in the colour black. This black would show the evil hidden within him. This evil side is suggested when Lady Macbeth describes Macbeth as looking like the innocent yet being the serpent under. By using different lighting I would be able to display what the Kings are feeling in each scene. In act 1 scene 4 I would use an orange light, this would create a feeling of warmth, as Duncan is kind, caring and in great company. In act 5 scene 3 I would have a blue light, this will give the scene a cold, empty and negative feel. All of these stage techniques would enable the audience to compare and contrast the two scenes of Kingship. If these were not used it would make the story harder to understand, hidden within Shakespeares script. In both of these scenes the Kings received high amounts of respect whether it was truly from the heart or falsely from the mouth. Macbeth was seen to be simply an unfit King by those who knew him closely as apposed to a bad King. This is because in the Jacobean period, whomever becomes King, has been elected by God, God being the top of the Great Chain of Beings. Back then Gods opinion meant everything, and could fix peoples opinion on a bad King.

The Cause Essay -- essays papers

The Cause Violent crimes occur for many different reasons. Students who rampaged through the high schools throughout the United States have all said to have one thing in common; their peers did not respect the attackers. These students say they have felt bullied, or not belonging or not fitting in to what the â€Å"popular† standards are. So why resort to anger? Many said it feels it gives them the respect that they were deprived of and what they felt they deserved. These students make national and world news headlines, and they feel they have power and control when resorting to violence. Other reasons include drugs and gangs, which are at the top of the list followed by disagreements. CAUSES OF SCHOOL VIOLENCE Types of Gun Violence. Intentional shooting 65% Accident 13% Hostage taking 8% Suicide 8% Undetermined 6% (Reynolds, 1993) Percentages of Gun-Related Incidents on School Property Drugs/Gangs 18% Long-standing Disagreements 15% Playing With or Cleaning Guns 13% Romantic Disagreements 12% Fights Over Material Possessions 10% Depression 9% Vendetta Against Society 6% Racial Incident 5% Name Calling 4% Vendetta Against School Employee 4% Undetermined 4% (Reynolds, 1993) Beyond all others, intentional shootings are at the top of the list for motives of violence in schools. Students deliberately go into schools with a weapon with the intent to use the weapon. The number one reason for this is drugs and gangs followed by long-standing disagreements. These disagreements include the students who were belittled by their peers in school. Most of the accidental shootings include elementary aged students bringing a ... .... 40. Vernberg, E. & Twemlow, S. (2000). Profiling violent youth: comments & observations. Children’s services, (3), p. 171+. Retrieved October 4, 2001 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. (Sept/Oct 2001). Alternative perspectives on school violence. Humanist, (6), p. 36+. Retrieved October 4, 2001 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. (1999) School protective services. Retrieved November 7, 2001, from http://www.schoolprotectiveservices.com (2001, May 30) School safety lessons learned: urban districts report progress. Sept 12, 2001, from http://www.edweek.com/ew/ewstory.cfm?slug=38security.h20 (2000). Violence. World Book Encyclopedia. (Vol. 25). Chicago, World Book, Inc. Walsh, M. (2001, May 23) Court distinguishes between threats, free speech. Retrieved Sept. 12, 2001, from http://www.edweek.com/ew/ewstory.cfm?slug=37speech.h20 The Cause Essay -- essays papers The Cause Violent crimes occur for many different reasons. Students who rampaged through the high schools throughout the United States have all said to have one thing in common; their peers did not respect the attackers. These students say they have felt bullied, or not belonging or not fitting in to what the â€Å"popular† standards are. So why resort to anger? Many said it feels it gives them the respect that they were deprived of and what they felt they deserved. These students make national and world news headlines, and they feel they have power and control when resorting to violence. Other reasons include drugs and gangs, which are at the top of the list followed by disagreements. CAUSES OF SCHOOL VIOLENCE Types of Gun Violence. Intentional shooting 65% Accident 13% Hostage taking 8% Suicide 8% Undetermined 6% (Reynolds, 1993) Percentages of Gun-Related Incidents on School Property Drugs/Gangs 18% Long-standing Disagreements 15% Playing With or Cleaning Guns 13% Romantic Disagreements 12% Fights Over Material Possessions 10% Depression 9% Vendetta Against Society 6% Racial Incident 5% Name Calling 4% Vendetta Against School Employee 4% Undetermined 4% (Reynolds, 1993) Beyond all others, intentional shootings are at the top of the list for motives of violence in schools. Students deliberately go into schools with a weapon with the intent to use the weapon. The number one reason for this is drugs and gangs followed by long-standing disagreements. These disagreements include the students who were belittled by their peers in school. Most of the accidental shootings include elementary aged students bringing a ... .... 40. Vernberg, E. & Twemlow, S. (2000). Profiling violent youth: comments & observations. Children’s services, (3), p. 171+. Retrieved October 4, 2001 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. (Sept/Oct 2001). Alternative perspectives on school violence. Humanist, (6), p. 36+. Retrieved October 4, 2001 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. (1999) School protective services. Retrieved November 7, 2001, from http://www.schoolprotectiveservices.com (2001, May 30) School safety lessons learned: urban districts report progress. Sept 12, 2001, from http://www.edweek.com/ew/ewstory.cfm?slug=38security.h20 (2000). Violence. World Book Encyclopedia. (Vol. 25). Chicago, World Book, Inc. Walsh, M. (2001, May 23) Court distinguishes between threats, free speech. Retrieved Sept. 12, 2001, from http://www.edweek.com/ew/ewstory.cfm?slug=37speech.h20

France was ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte 1799-1815

During the French Revolution the years of 1799-1815, France was ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte. Although many people feel that Napoleon is one of dictatorship, the truth is he one for the country and did what he felt was in the best interest of France. Napoleon was a democratic leader for his country. By studying his role in education, the political aspects, and the social aspects of France, one can see he did good for the country although not everything was perfect, there is no perfect person or Utopia. Napoleon set out to make France the greatest nation of Europe, and education was one of the top priorities on his list. Since Napoleon believed in a system of merit not one of family hierarchy, he felt everyone needed to be educated. The government was getting numerous complaints regarding the lack of schools in many areas, lack of professionalism among the teachers, lack of discipline and attendance by students and, in a few areas, lack of religious education (Markham 5). The problem with religious education was partially resolved by the Concordat between Napoleon and the Pope. Religious elementary schools had opened but mostly for girls. Napoleon felt that girls and boys didn't need the same education. Girls needed domestic skills, which will be helpful once married. Although he did feel they needed to learn, numbers, writing, and the principles of their languages, as well as history, geography, physics and botany. Another part of education that was very significant to Napoleon was the idea of secondary education. He felt that boy's education should be separated into 2 parts; under age 12 and over age 12. The first 4 classes would include general topics, once finished with that they would have to choose between a civil career or a career in the military and the rest of their education would depend on that (Markham 5). To this day the Napoleonic educational system is still very popular in France. There has been some modification in the system such as, the separation of church and state was made complete. Now religion was not part of the public school's curriculum. The high schools know, as lycees are still there today and even plays more of an important role. Graduation from a lycee is good enough for most jobs. Napoleon also did good for the political system of France. He created a new constitution. It consisted of three consuls. The first consul assumed by Napoleon, but was voted in. Napoleon worked really hard to put France back together after the revolution. He allowed all types of political refugees back into France, and also appointed both radical republicans and royalist aristocrats to his government. (Hooker 2). While the most peerless act was to allow the Catholic church back into to France, The concordat with Pope Pius VII. While in rule he also created The Napoleonic Code. It was a complete revamp of the French law. It was based on 2 ideas: that all men are equal under the law (but not women) and all people have a right to property. The code stamped out all privileges from the law including tax laws. The code spelled out various contractual laws to ensure the inviolability of private property. (Hooker 3) Many people think that what Napoleon was doing was wrong, yet they voted him Napoleon I, Emperor of France in 1804. Napoleon also in all he did abolished feudalism, which was part of the Code. As was stated before Napoleon brought the Catholic Church back into France; Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII agreed that it was necessary for the peace of the country. Napoleon also created the Legion of Honor in 1802. It was Nobility but it was based on ability. At first not many people favored it, but by Napoleon's downfall everyone even the Republicans favored it. (Holtman 3) Napoleon also accounted for the improvement and better treatment of the Jews. He gave them the right to worship in private and in some cases allowed them to become full-fledged citizens. Napoleon also helped create a system of measurement for the whole country now used in many places the metric system. He also created the bank of France. It aided the unification of the country and made it easy for everyone. Before Napoleon came around marriages were only allowed through the church, he allowed marriages outside the church. The church never recognized divorces but Napoleon did. Which made life a lot easier for people in France. Napoleon might have wanted to have control over many lands, but most importantly he had improved the status of France from what it was after the Revolution to what it is now. He has helped shape present day France. His ideas with education, the government, and the social revolution he created were a huge part in history. He was a democratic leader in many different aspects.

Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques

Tim Burton main style of movie is Gothic. There are many different types of cinematic techniques all used to communicate meaning and evoke different emotional reactions with the viewers. In most of his movies he is trying to evoke a gothic feeling. For example he uses sound, lighting, and different types of shots and framing. You can observe some of those techniques in his movies, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Beetle Juice, Edward Scissor Hands and more. Sound is a main cinematic technique that Tim Burton uses. There are two types of sound, dietetic and non- dietetic.Those types of sounds are used in different ways. A dietetic sound is one that could logically be heard by the characters in a film. Non-dietetic is one that cannot be heard by the characters but is designed for audience reaction only. Sound also sets the mood for a scene. For example, in Edward scissor hands, when the woman was showing him around their house for the first time a happy upbeat sound was playing to se t a happy mood. Another example is when the woman went up into Edwards house; dark sad music was playing to match the scary setting.In most films sound will match the setting or mood of the scene. However even though sound s a factor in setting the mood of a film, lighting also plays a role. Lighting Is a part of the scene. If the setting of the scene is dark and gloomy the lighting will be low key, which is when the scene Is flooded with shadows and darkness to portray suspense or suspicion. If the setting of the scene Is a bright flower garden, the lighting will mostly be High key, which meaner the scene Is flooded with light creating a bright mood.An example of Tim Burton using these would be In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; when everything and everyone was black and white unless It was a part of Wily Wonk. He used low key with everything black and white except Wily Wonk things to evoke the viewer's emotions to feel as though, If you weren't apart of Wily Wonk then you were not bright, colorful, and happy. This same technique Is used In some of his other movies. A shot Is a single piece of film uninterrupted by cuts.In Tim Burtons movies, you may not notice, but he uses multiple types of shots. A few are, long shot, which Is shot from distance, shows Isolation or vulnerability of the person, and Medium shot, which Is when the camera Is medium distance away from hearted, and It Is usually used to ground the story. An example of long shot Is during the movie Beetle Juice; Beetle Juice was sitting on the grave stone alone shot from a long distance, the shot portrayed a sense of vulnerability and loneliness.Also In the movie Beetle Juice, when the family and guests dance around the table singing, It Is shot at a medium distance, which makes It a medium shot, which grounded the story. So as you can see there are many different types of cinematic techniques used to communicate meaning and evoke different emotional reactions with the viewers. Sound, lighting, and shot type are only a few; there are many other Important cinematic techniques that Tim Burton uses. You can observe more techniques and really notice which ones he uses and understand why In his movies.A couple would be Beetle Juice, Edwards Scissors Hands, Charlie and The Chocolate Factory, and many more. Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques By mapping is a factor in setting the mood of a film, lighting also plays a role. Lighting is a part of which is when the scene is flooded with shadows and darkness to portray suspense or suspicion. If the setting of the scene is a bright flower garden, the lighting will costly be High key, which meaner the scene is flooded with light creating a bright mood.An example of Tim Burton using these would be in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; when everything and everyone was black and white unless it was a part of things to evoke the viewer's emotions to feel as though, if you weren't apart of Wily Wonk then you were not bright, colorful, and happ y. This same technique is used in some of his other movies. A shot is a single piece of film uninterrupted by cuts. In are, long shot, which is shot from distance, shows isolation or vulnerability of the errors, and Medium shot, which is when the camera is medium distance away from character, and it is usually used to ground the story.An example of long shot is during the movie Beetle Juice; Beetle Juice was sitting on the grave stone alone shot in the movie Beetle Juice, when the family and guests dance around the table singing, it is shot at a medium distance, which makes it a medium shot, which grounded the Sound, lighting, and shot type are only a few; there are many other important really notice which ones he uses and understand why in his movies. A couple would Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques Robbie Schwartz 3/12/13 English 1H Tim Burton uses many cinematic techniques in his movies such as lighting and camera angles throughout his movies in order to create effects and moods. Cinematic techniques He uses both lighting and camera angles in Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory numerous times. He uses them very effectively to portray different ideas such as showing strengths, weaknesses, or size in a character or setting, or revealing a depressing or cheerful surrounding.Tim Burton is a successful film maker and has inspired many to get into the movie making business due to his cinematic techniques. In many of his films, Tim Burton uses lighting successfully to show happiness or sadness. He is known for having very low key beginning credits. Low key lighting can be used to show a sad, mysterious or scary environment. For example, the beginning credits of the movies Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands are very dark cloudy scenes. They both have a solid black background and obscure objects appearing.Also, Burton used lighting perfectly in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory when the lucky children who obtain the golden tickets enter the huge room where the chocolate was made. It is a bright and colorful room filled with tasty goods. High key lighting is used to create a happy, exciting, or fun atmosphere. The lighting on the kids faces as they walk in the factory was very high key because they were bright and full of joy. Burton also uses a high key effect on the town in Edward Scissorhands; it is filled with brightly painted houses with beautifully cut bushes.Also the clothes that people wear in Edward Scissorhands are very brightly colored because people would wear a single colored outfit of much color. As a result, lighting is used effectively throughout his movies to show different effects. Camera angles were very important in the films Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the movie, Ch arlie and the Chocolate Factory the scene of Willy Wonka walking in the jungle is a great example of camera angles. As the big bug zeroes in on Wonka, a low angle camera is used to show the bug is big and strong.Then, it cut to Wonka with a high angle shot showing he is helpless and small. After Wonka successfully kills the bug, it gives him a low angle shot showing he is the victor and that he is more powerful. In Edward Scissorhands, low angle shots are used many times while Edward is cutting things. For example, while Edward is constructing his first ice sculpture in Kims lawn the camera is low angle and makes him look very powerful while he sculpts the big angel. It makes him seem as if he is on top of the world and can do anything.There are also low angle shots while he cuts all of the housewives hair. There is a very effective long shot in the beginning of the movie while Peg strolls into Edwards house, when she finally gets into Edwards room there is a long shot which shows h ow big the house actually is by making Peg look very short due to the height of the ceiling. As a result, Tim Burton uses low angle, high angle, and long shots to represent strength, weakness, and to show a large scene and many things occurring at once.Tim Burton is a very skilled film maker who uses many cinematic techniques to make his movies enjoyable to watch. He efficiently uses lighting and camera angles in two of his major pieces, Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. He uses these two techniques very well and a handful of others that make his movies very well known and watched by many people. In conclusion, Tim Burton is able to use cinematic techniques an important part of his movies by using lighting and camera angles. Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques Robbie Schwartz 3/12/13 English 1H Tim Burton uses many cinematic techniques in his movies such as lighting and camera angles throughout his movies in order to create effects and moods. Cinematic techniques He uses both lighting and camera angles in Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory numerous times. He uses them very effectively to portray different ideas such as showing strengths, weaknesses, or size in a character or setting, or revealing a depressing or cheerful surrounding.Tim Burton is a successful film maker and has inspired many to get into the movie making business due to his cinematic techniques. In many of his films, Tim Burton uses lighting successfully to show happiness or sadness. He is known for having very low key beginning credits. Low key lighting can be used to show a sad, mysterious or scary environment. For example, the beginning credits of the movies Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands are very dark cloudy scenes. They both have a solid black background and obscure objects appearing.Also, Burton used lighting perfectly in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory when the lucky children who obtain the golden tickets enter the huge room where the chocolate was made. It is a bright and colorful room filled with tasty goods. High key lighting is used to create a happy, exciting, or fun atmosphere. The lighting on the kids faces as they walk in the factory was very high key because they were bright and full of joy. Burton also uses a high key effect on the town in Edward Scissorhands; it is filled with brightly painted houses with beautifully cut bushes.Also the clothes that people wear in Edward Scissorhands are very brightly colored because people would wear a single colored outfit of much color. As a result, lighting is used effectively throughout his movies to show different effects. Camera angles were very important in the films Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the movie, Ch arlie and the Chocolate Factory the scene of Willy Wonka walking in the jungle is a great example of camera angles. As the big bug zeroes in on Wonka, a low angle camera is used to show the bug is big and strong.Then, it cut to Wonka with a high angle shot showing he is helpless and small. After Wonka successfully kills the bug, it gives him a low angle shot showing he is the victor and that he is more powerful. In Edward Scissorhands, low angle shots are used many times while Edward is cutting things. For example, while Edward is constructing his first ice sculpture in Kims lawn the camera is low angle and makes him look very powerful while he sculpts the big angel. It makes him seem as if he is on top of the world and can do anything.There are also low angle shots while he cuts all of the housewives hair. There is a very effective long shot in the beginning of the movie while Peg strolls into Edwards house, when she finally gets into Edwards room there is a long shot which shows h ow big the house actually is by making Peg look very short due to the height of the ceiling. As a result, Tim Burton uses low angle, high angle, and long shots to represent strength, weakness, and to show a large scene and many things occurring at once.Tim Burton is a very skilled film maker who uses many cinematic techniques to make his movies enjoyable to watch. He efficiently uses lighting and camera angles in two of his major pieces, Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. He uses these two techniques very well and a handful of others that make his movies very well known and watched by many people. In conclusion, Tim Burton is able to use cinematic techniques an important part of his movies by using lighting and camera angles.

White Collar Crimes Cost to Society essay

White Collar Crimes Cost to Society essay White Collar Crimes Cost to Society essay White Collar Crimes Cost to Society essayThe development of modern society, based on the use of a huge number of the most diverse information, is inconceivable without a broad implementation of computer technology to the management process and many other areas. It serves not only for the storage and processing of relevant information at the level of state authorities and local self-government or commercial organizations, and is used as a means of communication between citizens, but it is also considered to be one of the most important elements in ensuring internal and external security of the state. Everything of this causes the development of legal regulations for the regulation of social relations that are associated with the use of computer technology (in the first place to protect the data stored with it). Thus, the main aim of the assignment is to explain the cost to society of white collar and computer crimes.In a dynamic environment of our century, society is constantly face d to various problems, which are often caused by a product of society’s desire to create a more advanced and efficient models of its existence. The above mentioned can be fully applied to a specific area of ​​electronic engineering and information technology. We have to admit that the process of informatization of society (especially its fast computerization) increases the number of computer crimes, their share in the total number of crimes. So, a high social danger of the crime committed in the area of ​​computer information, a large number of victims, established and concealed significant material damage, make the struggle against this negative phenomenon relevant as the fact that crime in the sphere of computer information is increasingly being used in the context of organized crime and especially the activities of terrorist organizations, which are increasingly starting to use the latest information technology and computer technology in their i llegal activities.According to the adopted theoretical approach presented by Croall (2001), the main problem of â€Å"white-collar† crime is in obscurity of the question of â€Å"who, what, when and how was able to steal, and how it was possible to do it†. Study of this phenomenon suggests that â€Å"white-collar† people rarely consider themselves as criminals, they are also partly accused by public opinion because white-collar crime is usually not associated with violence and, as a rule, there are no individual victims; moreover, the opportunity to bring the case to court and punish the criminals is rather rare. Among the most serious consequences of white-collar crimes are loss of shareholders, bankruptcy of companies, as well as negative impact on the state of workers and consumers.Considering the global, national, state, and local implications of such crime, it becomes obvious that the problem of computer and white-collar crime in all countries, irrespective of their geographical location, is in the need for increased powers of law enforcement agencies to combat these types of crime. Koller (2012) mentioned that this issue is not only the problem of law enforcement officials, but also it impacts on the employees of special services, security services, professionals and experts in the field of computer science, representatives of educational and research institutions, including experts on computer viruses, computer hardware and software.In the global scale, the facts of making international computer and white-collar crimes are becoming more common. Computer fraud is the problem of a particular concern because the use of computer technology in the â€Å"laundering† of criminally acquired assets, distribution of computer viruses, and hackers’ penetration in the international information systems and information theft may cause a chaos in many spheres. This problem necessitates the development of international procedures to as sist the investigation of such crimes in the future and the creation of a coordinating body within Interpol.Observing the cost to society of the above mentioned crimes, Choi (2010) mentioned that with the development of electronic payments and network workflow, every encroachment upon the information is primarily an attack on the material or spiritual values ​​- the basis of public safety. Breach of the exchange in information may simply paralyze the entire corporations, banks and government agencies, while everything of these may lead to tangible material losses in the entire industry.In national, state, and local scale, many countries consider the computer network as a vital component of their economic, social and political infrastructure. For instance, without paying a serious attention to the guaranteed protection of the processed information from unauthorized access, the polls and election results forecasting system can have a serious impact on the course of the e lection campaign. Moreover, it can lead to the fact that elections may be rigged and determined not by those who vote, but by those who would like to influence the outcome of voting in favor of a corporate group. To add, there is seen a serious trend towards the use of computer technology by organized criminal groups, terrorist organizations, which leads to the spread of computer and white-collar crimes on interstate level.Thus, security of the interests of all countries demands increase in safety of the use of computer systems in the interests of social development and consolidation of the international community; it also demands to improve the system of conservation of computer information, which forms the basis of information resources of each country; to develop and improve the security of information systems of the federal authorities, financial and banking spheres, the sphere of economic activity, as well as means of information systems and weapons and military equipment, syst ems of command and control over weapons, environmentally hazardous and technologically important enterprises.In conclusion, we have explored the cost to society of white-collar and computer crimes and demonstrated that these kinds of crime as a threat to national and international security really manifest themselves in many areas of society nowadays. These crimes present a threat to the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the spiritual life and personal activities; these crimes also threaten individual, group and social consciousness; information support of public policies; development of national information industry; security of information and telecommunication systems and facilities. Moreover, threats to information and technological backwardness, weakness of cultural values’ ​​impact on mass consciousness, information blockade (censorship), the possibility of information warfare, and information terrorism raise issues of blackmail, info rmation blockade, espionage, and other methods of computer pressure at the global, national, state, and local levels. All of these may lead the society and international community to serious consequences and losses, and have the negative impacts on the political, economic and social spheres.

QUENTIN Surname Meaning and Family History

QUENTIN Surname Meaning and Family History From the Latin quintinus, meaning the fifth, Quentin  sometimes  originated as a French  first name often given to the fifth son. The Quentin surname may also have originated as a geographical surname for someone from one of the places called Quentin in Gloucestershire, Northamptonshire or Worcestershire, England, or from  one of the places  in Normandy, France named for St. Quentin of Amiens. Surname Origin: English, French Alternate Surname Spellings:  QUINTIN, QUENTEN Famous People with the QUENTINSurname Caroline Quentin - English actressCarlos Quentin - American professional baseball player Where is the QUENTIN Surname Most Common? Surname distribution from Forebears  indicate that  the Quentin surname is most common in France where it ranks among the top 1000 surnames in the country. It is most common in northern France, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the Basse-Normandie, Picardie and Centre regions.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname QUENTIN Meanings of Common English SurnamesUncover the meaning of your English last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common English surnames. How to Research French AncestryLearn how to research your French family tree with this guide to genealogical records and family history research in France. Quentin  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Quentin  family crest or coat of arms for the Quentin surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. QUENTIN  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Hartmann  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - QUENTIN  GenealogyExplore over 490,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Quentin surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - QUENTIN  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Quentin. GeneaNet - Quentin  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Quentin  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Quentin  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Quentin  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Talking About Times of the Day in Spanish

Talking About Times of the Day in Spanish Although you sometimes need to be precise when talking about times  in Spanish,  often an approximation will do. Thus, at the most basic, we can talk about la maà ±ana (morning), la tarde (afternoon or evening), and la noche (night). Here, roughly in ascending order, are some other common words or phrases for times of the day, including the prepositions that are often used with them. Times up to and Through Noon por la maà ±ana temprano - in early morning.  Correr por la maà ±ana temprano puede ser una excelente opcià ³n.  (Running in the early morning can be an excellent choice.) Note that here temprano functions as an adverb. It isnt an adjective, in which case the feminine form temprana would have to be used.al amanecer - at dawn.  ¿Por quà © cantan los gallos al amanecer?  (Why do roosters crow at dawn?)de madrugada - at dawn. Un terremoto de 5,6 grados de magnitud sacude de madrugada.  (An earthquake of magnitude 5.6 shook at dawn.)en las primeras horas del dà ­a - in the early daylight hours. En las primeras horas del dà ­a los rayos del Sol se reciben muy oblicuos. (In the first hours of daylight the suns rays are at an oblique angle.)a la hora de desayunar - at breakfast time. El error ms comà ºn que cometen las personas a la hora de desayunar es comer los alimentos tà ­picos para el desayuno, de los cuales estn altamente procesados y cargados de azà ºcar. (Th e most common mistake people make at breakfast time is to eat typical breakfast food, which is highly processed and loaded with sugar.) por la maà ±ana - in the morning. Somos un poco ms altos por la maà ±ana que por la noche.  (Were a little bit taller in the morning than late in the day.)a media maà ±ana - in midmorning. A media maà ±ana estar restituido el servicio elà ©ctrico en zona norte.  (Electrical service will be restored in the north zone in midmorning.)a mediodà ­a, al mediodà ­a - at noon, in the middle of the day. El euro sube hasta 1,25 dà ³lares a mediodà ­a. (The euro climbed to $1.25 at noon.)a la hora de almorzar - at lunchtime. El restaurante nuevo es una muy buena alternativa a la hora de almorzar en el centro de Santiago. (The new restaurant is a good alternative for lunchtime in downtown Santiago.)a la hora de comer  - at mealtime, at lunchtime. Las batallas con los ms pequeà ±os a la hora de comer pueden ser un estrà ©s para toda la familia.  (Battles with the littlest ones at mealtime can be stressful for the entire family.) Times for the Remainder of the Day a la hora de merienda, en la merienda - at tea time, in midafternoon A la hora de merienda prueba estas deliciosas barras de chocolate.  (Try these delicious chocolate bars in the afternoon.)de dà ­a - in the daytime. Durante los seis meses de dà ­a en el polo, el Sol se mueve continuamente cerca del horizonte.  (During the six months of daytime at the pole, the sun moves continually near the horizon.)durante el dà ­a - in the daytime.  ¿Quà © frutas debo comer durante el dà ­a para tener energà ­a?  (What fruits should I eat during the day in order to have energy?)por la tarde, a la tarde  - in the afternoon or evening. Una siesta por la tarde podrà ­a mejorar su inteligencia.  (A rest in the afternoon could improve your intelligence.)al anochecer - at dusk. Cinco planetas sern visibles al anochecer.  (Five planets will be visible at dusk.)al atardecer - at dusk.  Navegar por el Tajo al atardecer es una de las experiencias ms romnticas que se pueden disf rutar en Lisboa. (Boating the Tajo at dusk is one of the most romantic experiences you can enjoy in Lisbon.) a la hora de cenar - at dinnertime. No busques la tranquilidad a la hora de cenar.  (Dont look for quiet at dinnertime.)por la noche, por las noches - at night, in late evening. Despertarse por la noche no es considerado un problema para todas las familias del mundo. (Waking up at night isnt considered a problem for every family.)de noche - at night, in the late evening.  Soy de las que va a eventos sociales, sobre todo de noche.  (I am one of those who goes to social events, especially at night.)a la medianoche - at midnight. Al llegar a Nueva York a la medianoche, voy a viajar a Washington.  (After arriving at New York at midnight, Im going to travel to Washington.)

Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dreams - Essay Example Scientific theories have ranged from speculation that we dream as a means of learning more about ourselves through the revelation of repressed desires to the concept that dreams are a means of the subconscious providing the conscious mind with seemingly prophetic warnings developed through thousands of unconscious signals received during the waking hours. Other theories have suggested that we dream as a means of further developing our mental abilities and spiritual concepts, slowly assimilating what we’ve learned into our established worldview while still others have indicated that we dream as a means of dealing with our daily experiences by either getting rid of the memories or storing them away in our mental memory banks. What the various scientists have revealed in their dream studies is that there are a wide variety of ways in which dreams might have meaning to an individual, whether they realize it or not. However, it seems plausible that dreams will have more meaning to an individual who has a particular belief regarding what they might mean than an individual who reports they don’t dream at all or who believes that dreams have no meaning and doesn’t bother to remember them. Sigmund Freud is perhaps the most recognized individual in the field of dream theory. In developing his model of the mind, Freud determined that the dream functions as a sleeper’s defense against the disturbing thoughts and emotions of the subconscious mind (the id) by acting as a censor (Wilson, 2005). Unlike Freud, who felt that dreams were less frightening manifestations of subconscious horrors, Jung felt that they were revelations that uncovered not only our own emotional issues and fears of the perso nal subconscious, but also link us to the collective unconscious, â€Å"the reservoir of our experiences as a species, a kind of knowledge we are all born with. And yet we can

Emerging Markets of Pakistan and Vietnam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Emerging Markets of Pakistan and Vietnam - Essay Example Investors need to constantly monitor markets around the globe to identify a niche for themselves. One avenue which interests every strategic investor is the emerging markets. Emerging markets denote possibilities available for investors in countries that have just begun to get prominence in the investment sector. Countries such as India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Singapore and Malaysia offer lucrative advantages to big business houses. This report aims at studying the economic factors of two emerging markets viz. Pakistan and Vietnam to identify which market offers better opportunities for an investor. The report studies the prevailing economic conditions in these countries and other non-economic parameters that might affect investment. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an important feature of an increasingly globalized economic system. Direct investments in productive assets by a company incorporated in a foreign company, as opposed to investments in shares of local companies by foreign entities (investorguide.com, 2007). Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is defined as the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given year, equal to total consumer, investment and government spending, plus the value of exports, minus the value of imports. GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis. GDP is commonly used as an indicator of the economic health of a country, as well as to gauge a country's standard of living (investorwords.com, 2007). Savings and Investment are closely associated with each other. Savings is treated as a part of the assets possessed by an economy. Savings and saving are different. Saving is computed as Income minus the sum of expenditure and tax payments (Pradeep Agarwal, 2000). Savings in a broader sense refers to an entity that increases Economic growth and therefore it is treated as a stock variable. Investment means diverting capital for acquiring assets usually with an expectation of getting returns. It's a general observation that in developing economies, domestic savings are bound to be minimal for various reasons. In order to keep up with the pace of international market, foreign capital inflow is encouraged by these countries, in various forms such as loads, Foreign Direct Investment, grants and portfolios (Griffin and Econ, 1970). A research work on foreign capital inflows for developing economies by Ahmad and Ahmed at University of Karachi (Ahmad and Ahmed, 2001) proves that foreign capital inflow and domestic savings are substitutes of each other. This statement was proved theoretically and empirically (Ahmad and Ahmed, 2001). Per-capita Income is calculated as the yearly income that is generated by a state/Country divided by the total population. It is reported as Currency/year. Mostly it is measured in Euros or Dollars. It is

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

International Marketing - Essay Example While marketing goods and services to the various countries, there are instances whereby adaptation may be necessary, like when we want the new market to become acclimatized with our new products. At other times, we may opt to employ a standardization strategy, especially if the product being marketed has a national appeal, or in a known global brand. This is a term that is used in reference to the practice of importing unauthorized products that ideally should be sold at a lower price, with the intentions of selling these at a higher market price. The implication of a grey market is that to some extent, the company is question is offering competition to own products in the market (Cateora & Graham 2002). A grey market shall have an effect both the manufacturers and the distributors in different ways. For the manufacturer, there is the risk of having their brand value lost in the market. This is in addition to the ensuing competition that the products in the grey market give to a manufacturer’s own products. Moreover, the manufacture is forced to redesign his/her pricing strategy on a global scale, with the intention of containing this new competition that appears to ape the existing price strategy. This is in addition to the manufacturer having to spend so that he/she may be able to solve this problem of parallel import (Terpstra & Sarathy 2002). To the distributors, the effect of a grey market is that a competition n incentive comes into effect. This is because now, we have competition that is offering to the market a similar product to that being offered by the distributors, but alt a lower price. Another effect of the grey markets to the distributors is a potential loss of customers and consequently, their market shares for a given region. In addition the revenues generated by a distributor plummet, along with the associated profits (Cateora & Graham 2002). What this means is that the distributors shall

The New Leadership Challenge , Creating The Future of Nursing Essay

The New Leadership Challenge , Creating The Future of Nursing - Essay Example The managerial leadership of the firm promotes flexible approach to the changing dynamics of the organizational management. The myriad aspects of leaders and leadership facilitate and influence human behavior for greater achievement of mutually negotiated targets with greater enthusiasm. Indeed, the many challenges of good leadership takes into account the changing environmental factors and translate them into opportunities of growth. The paper would be looking at the various facets of leadership and how it impacts the role of nurse managers. Nature of leadership Organizational leadership assumes special meaning because it motivates and encourages others to strive towards common goals with renewed enthusiasm. It tends to empower people with knowledge and influence their behaviour, attitude and feelings towards important issues so that they are better prepared for changes and become more accommodating in their approach. The traits and styles of leaders within organizations therefore b ecome hugely crucial elements that inherently help exploit new situations and inculcate a sense of stability amongst the followers or workforce especially in adverse situations. The various leadership theories support the varying perspectives of leaders and how they impact the behaviour and attitude of others. The leadership traits and styles become integral part of leaders within organizations. Leadership traits. The four most important traits of effective leaders are: honesty; forward looking; inspiring; and competency (Kouzes and Posner, 2007). These are critical paradigms of that help the leaders to gain the trust of the followers who willingly follow them. Honesty is one of the most desirable traits of leaders that inspires committed following. They set high standard of ethics and moral integrity which inculcates trust and gives them a distinct credibility in the eyes of their followers but also gives credence to their ideological perspectives of issues. Leaders are also forwar d looking because their vision ensures that followers are well equipped to handle changes. With strong communication skills, they are able to communicate with their followers and inspire them towards visionary goals. They have the ability to’ read emotions in one’s self and in others, and to be able to use this information to guide decision-making’ (Ashkanasy et al., 2002: 317). Indeed, their capacity to look forward to the future is highly pertinent issue as it is able to anticipate and exploit new avenues of opportunities. In the current environment of globalization and changing format of society, they help provide intangible stability among the diverse workforce through cross cultural understanding and facilitate their integration with the system. With strong ideals, indomitable will and highly creative disposition, leaders are hugely inspiring. They challenge the status quo and explore new dimensions to overcome tough situations. Hence, followers tend to imi tate and imbibe qualities to move forward. An effective leader therefore empowers followers and motivates them to make decisions based on informed choices. The leaders are very competent individuals which is reflected in ‘leader’s track record and ability to get things done’ (Kouzes and Posner; 35). The leadership competency relies on experience that provides the leaders with necessary knowledge to act aptly under different situations. They understand the hidden

Letter to Law Client Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Letter to Law Client - Personal Statement Example Incorporating does have other benefits as well, including many tax benefits. For instance, some sole proprietors are required to pay the federal tax rate and a self-employment tax, meaning you are being taxed twice; corporations are never allowed to do this. In response to your questions regarding Bubba, there are a few causes for concern here, but a few issues that may still keep you in the clear. First, Bubba is not a regular employee; as you stated, he came down to help out with some extra work. Second, you did not tell Bubba to do this; you gave him different directions. If Bubba is willing to admit to this, then you may safe and the responsibility may fall on him. However, the medical bills are truly an issue-if one person injures another person it is generally required that the person that caused the injury pay for the medical bills of the other. Next, these individuals were clearly blocking the entrance to your place of business, which is very close to trespassing. It sounds like they were still on public property, however, and the actions of Bubba are still an issue-had he asked them and they refused, calling the police would have been a better alternative. Still, the situation does not mean you necessarily have to go bankrupt or lose everything, or even lose the business itself. If these individuals have health insurance, they may only be asking for their deductibles to be paid. Therefore, this may amount to only a few thousand dollars. Also, it depends on the extent of their injuries. If any type of surgery is involved, this will certainly be expensive. However, if it is just a few bruises and broken bones we are concerned about, the issue should not cost as much. If Bubba is not willing to take the blame on his own, because he was there on your accord, the liability very well could fall onto the restaurant, and again, some kind of payment will probably be expected. There are a few things that you can do in this issue in order to prepare yourself. First, I would suggest incorporating as quickly as possible to protect all of your personal assets. This way, only the business, and not everything else, is at risk in this case. Second, I suggest talking to Bubba and seeing how far he is willing to go to assist you with the situation. Third, it may be wise to talk to the people or their attorney, and find out what kinds of medical issues and bills are being considered. It may be easier and less costly to simply settle with the people and pay for their deductibles rather than going to court and possibly spending much more money. Also, if this is done, it is very unlikely that these individuals will have any reason to take the business away. Therefore, my suggestion is to reach out to start the incorporation process, and then to reach out to these individuals to see what can be done to resolve this issue. Taking these steps will probably save you from losing your business, or losing anything else at the expense of Bubba. Thank you and please do not hesitate to contact me if you need

The New Leadership Challenge , Creating The Future of Nursing Essay

The New Leadership Challenge , Creating The Future of Nursing - Essay Example The managerial leadership of the firm promotes flexible approach to the changing dynamics of the organizational management. The myriad aspects of leaders and leadership facilitate and influence human behavior for greater achievement of mutually negotiated targets with greater enthusiasm. Indeed, the many challenges of good leadership takes into account the changing environmental factors and translate them into opportunities of growth. The paper would be looking at the various facets of leadership and how it impacts the role of nurse managers. Nature of leadership Organizational leadership assumes special meaning because it motivates and encourages others to strive towards common goals with renewed enthusiasm. It tends to empower people with knowledge and influence their behaviour, attitude and feelings towards important issues so that they are better prepared for changes and become more accommodating in their approach. The traits and styles of leaders within organizations therefore b ecome hugely crucial elements that inherently help exploit new situations and inculcate a sense of stability amongst the followers or workforce especially in adverse situations. The various leadership theories support the varying perspectives of leaders and how they impact the behaviour and attitude of others. The leadership traits and styles become integral part of leaders within organizations. Leadership traits. The four most important traits of effective leaders are: honesty; forward looking; inspiring; and competency (Kouzes and Posner, 2007). These are critical paradigms of that help the leaders to gain the trust of the followers who willingly follow them. Honesty is one of the most desirable traits of leaders that inspires committed following. They set high standard of ethics and moral integrity which inculcates trust and gives them a distinct credibility in the eyes of their followers but also gives credence to their ideological perspectives of issues. Leaders are also forwar d looking because their vision ensures that followers are well equipped to handle changes. With strong communication skills, they are able to communicate with their followers and inspire them towards visionary goals. They have the ability to’ read emotions in one’s self and in others, and to be able to use this information to guide decision-making’ (Ashkanasy et al., 2002: 317). Indeed, their capacity to look forward to the future is highly pertinent issue as it is able to anticipate and exploit new avenues of opportunities. In the current environment of globalization and changing format of society, they help provide intangible stability among the diverse workforce through cross cultural understanding and facilitate their integration with the system. With strong ideals, indomitable will and highly creative disposition, leaders are hugely inspiring. They challenge the status quo and explore new dimensions to overcome tough situations. Hence, followers tend to imi tate and imbibe qualities to move forward. An effective leader therefore empowers followers and motivates them to make decisions based on informed choices. The leaders are very competent individuals which is reflected in ‘leader’s track record and ability to get things done’ (Kouzes and Posner; 35). The leadership competency relies on experience that provides the leaders with necessary knowledge to act aptly under different situations. They understand the hidden

Putting elderly parents in nursing homes Research Paper

Putting elderly parents in nursing homes - Research Paper Example Caring of elderly parent runs for an extensive period, and can threaten the physical and emotional health of caregivers and the implications of caregiving are not limited to the caregiver only. When the situation is beyond control of a caregiver or fails to get alternative arrangements from other siblings, they are forced to search for assisted living facility or nursing homes for attending their beloved ones. Since long term care may cause economic burden it is essential to prepare a future retirement plan in advance, and selecting an appropriate long-term care policy. Generally siblings of aged parents are in a conflicting situation about placing their parent in a nursing home because of emotional attachments and apprehensions. With critical analysis of the functioning of various nursing homes, consultation with ‘elder law attorney’, and remembering that the role as caregiver will change but will not end once the care receiver is shifted to a nursing care facility is p aramount in easing the burden of elderly caregivers. Everyone’s situation is different, and family relationships also have no exception, but all of us prefer a warm and loving family relationship, and thus would prefer to care for our elders in own home even if it is a distressing experience. USA Today report that 34 million Americans serve as unpaid caregivers for other adults, usually elderly relatives, and that they spend an average 21 hours a week helping out, and the estimated economic impact of â€Å"free care† was about $350 billion in 2006, according to AARP study report. (Fetterman). Attending an elderly person with dementia, Alzheimer’s, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or fall injury exerts extreme pressure on family members, and instruction of treating doctors that the patient need 24-hour care makes it more complicated for a caregiver. Amongst these debilitating conditions it is estimated that â€Å"More than five million

LA Ministers to Promote Digital-to-Analog TV Conversion Essay Example for Free

LA Ministers to Promote Digital-to-Analog TV Conversion Essay Olivarez-Giles, Nathan. â€Å"L. A. Ministers Asked to Spread the Word about Digital TV. † Los Angeles Times. 10 Feb 2009. 10 Feb 2009. http://www. latimes. com/business/la-fi-digitaltv10-2009feb10,0,7978127. story. Summary On June 12, all television viewers of Los Angeles – the largest group of television viewers in the country – must have digital-to-anolog converters to be able to watch TV, unless they are customers of satellite or cable television. The Federal Communications Commissioner has asked church ministers of Los Angeles to convey this information to church members, adding that there is no difference between converter boxes sold for $40 and the expensive ones for . Response I found Nathan Olivarez-Giles’ article â€Å"L. A. Ministers Asked to Spread the Word about Digital TV† enjoyable to read because it is humorous. The author refers to the Federal Communication Commission asking â€Å"for divine assistance† with digital-to-analog television conversion. But, the fact that the Commission has chosen churches as its medium of communication with the public is based on practical reason. Churches are responsible for leading groups of people. Then again, if churches are expected by federal regulators to convey this kind of information to the public, they may be asked in future to act as television news channels to boot. All kinds of news may be conveyed through the church. In that case, there would be no difference left between the church and local media. It is for this reason that the author has written a humorous article about the news. He mentions spreading â€Å"the word† with the awareness that churches were initially established to spread the word of God. Because it is illogical for federal regulators to expect the church to spread all kinds of information to its members, in order for this news not to sound as funny as it does – it would be best for federal regulators to spread the word about converter boxes through local media, that is, newspapers, television channels and radio. Churches have their own responsibilities that should not be made a mockery of. Therefore, I completely disagree with the Commissioner’s request.

Types of motivation

Types of motivation Five Types of Motivation: Have you ever wondered what drives you, to want to become a better person? That feeling you get when you want to accomplish something that seems out of reach, that feeling that makes you do dumb things that you know you should not do, but do it anyway so a certain someone would like you better. That feeling that made you want to work harder in class to get that gold star up by your name, or that fear of being punished if you did not work harder. Well each one of those feelings is a different type of motivation. What is motivation? â€Å"Motivation is internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested in and committed to a job, role, or subject, and to exert persistent effort in attaining a goal. Motivation is the energizer of behavior and mother of all action. It results from the interactions among conscious and unconscious factors such as the (1) intensity of desire or need, (2) incentive or reward value of the goal, and (3) expect ations of the individual and of his or her significant others. (BusinessDictionary.com, 2009) There is many different types of motivation but the five main ones that I will cover in this paper are Achievement motivation, Socialization motivation, Incentive motivation, Fear motivation, and Change motivation. Achievement motivation is the motivation that a person gets when they want to attain a goal. It is that drive that makes you do what needs to be done to reach that goal no matter what the cost. This form of motivation can be related to a track and field athlete. That sprinter knows that his competitor is a few seconds faster than he is. So that athlete is going to feel that drive to practice harder and longer to become that few seconds faster to win. If there is a goal that needs to be reached Achievement motivation is most likely to be used. Most individuals with high Achievement motivation have distinctive characteristics witch separate them from their peers. First they like to put themselves in situations where they can take a personal responsibility for their finding solutions to problems. This gives them a personal satisfaction for their achievements. A second characteristic of Achievement motivation people is that they like to set moderately high goals. This will give that person more personal satisfaction for reaching them goals. Another distinctive characteristic of high achievers is that they love to get feedback on their performance. Socialization motivation is the motivation that drives people to act or do certain things to fit in. The dictionary definition of Social motivation is â€Å"An incentive or drive resulting from a sociocultural influence that initiates behavior toward a particular goal.† (Mosbys Medical Dictionary, 2009) This motivation is most evident when there is a lot of peer pressure. Some people use this motivation to gain feeling of acceptance or being equal to their peer group. Some examples of socialization motivation could be that young kid being passed that first drink, being told that he is not cool if he doesnt drink it. Incentive motivation is influenced by beliefs, that if they accomplish the task they will receive a reward. Incentive motivation is closely linked to achievement motivation. The only difference is that with incentive motivation, your drive is to attain that reward after you reached that goal. Whereas achievement, is more focused on just attaining the goal itself. Fear motivation is mostly used when incentives do not work. This motivation is the drive to do things because the fear of punishment or failure. Fear motivation is the fastest acting tactics to motivate someone to do something. An example of this motivation is the motivation you feel when you see that speed limit sign and want to go a little faster but are scared of that cop that could be up the road waiting for you. Or when someone shoots at you and you become motivated to run a lot faster. Another example of this is test anxiety or fear of failure. Having this fear will get you to study harder or concentrate little better to succeed. â€Å"Most of this research fails to distinguish among the components of test anxiety or to recognize it as only the negative side of motivation, that is, only half the story of the performance in evaluative situations. The positive side of motivation (e.g., need for achievement) is also aroused in evaluative situations and makes a contribution. (Har old F. Oneil, 1994) Fear motivation always points out consequences you will receive if you dont do or accomplish certain tasks. Change motivation is the push you feel when you want to bring change in your life or surroundings. Its that motivation you feel to get out in your front yard to cut that grass because you are sick of seeing it long every day. Its the motivation you get after you become tired of how things are and seek ways to improve it and make it better. These five theories of motivation are just a few types that drive you to be the person you have become today, and that will push you to become a better person and make you want to improve yourself every day. Now knowing each one of these five types of motivation, you know what gets you through each day. References BusinessDictionary.com. (2009). BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved 11 19, 2009, from BusinessDictionary.com: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/motivation.html Harold F. Oneil, M. D. (1994). Motivation : theory and research. Hilsdale, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Mosbys Medical Dictionary. (2009). The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 11 25, 2009, from The Free Dictionary: social motivation

Maya Angelou Essay example -- essays research papers

Maya Angelou has dedicated her life to end prejudices faced by many black females in the 20th century. As an author, poet, and entertainer, she is known best for her strong portrayal of African-American women. Some of her most outstanding work is the series of autobiographies that she wrote telling about her childhood. Her work has contributed immensely to Americans everywhere. She has also broken many barriers for black women in writing, entertainment, and in film making. Maya Angelou is definitely a positive role model to people everywhere. Maya Angelou has made many contributions through her poetry, writing, songwriting, acting, and film directing. She has written a series of autobiographical books focusing on her childhood until the birth of her own child, ten of which have appeared on the best selling list (â€Å"Biography† 1). The most prestigious of the novels is I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. This is a very controversial novel dealing with many serious issues including rape and murder. It is her most critically acclaimed work and was nominated for the National Book Award (â€Å"Maya American† 1). She often writes using a female as the strong role model. In addition, she has published many distinguished poems which have received recognition by many people including President Clinton. Her poem â€Å"On the Pulse of Morning† was chosen by President Clinton to be read at the 1993 presidential inauguration. Many of her volumes of poetry have been nominated for the Pulitzer Prize inclu...

Chromatography: How can we separate a mixture?

PurposeThe chromatography lab is to understand how molecules with similar molecular properties can be separated with paper chromatography. These differences will be interpreted to see the distinction of separate chemical substances.Pre Lab Questions1. Explain capillary action as it pertains to water and paper.Capillary action makes water draw up the paper. As paper absorbs water mixes with the solutions in the paper.2. What is the Rf value in a chromatography experiment?Rf = Distance travelled by the solute from the original line/distance travelled by the solvent from the original line3. If a molecule has a high affinity for the stationary phase, how is the Rf value affected?High affinity for the stationary phase affects the Rf value by lower Rf values.4. If a molecule has high affinity for the mobile phase, how is the Rf value affected?The Rf value will be higher5. Imagine you are doing a chromatography experiment with a polar solvent and a molecule containing a carbonyl group. Woul d the Rf value be high or low? Explain.The Rf value would be predicted as being low because it would tend to stick to the paper more.6. Why must a pencil be used, instead of a pen or marker when marking chromatography plates?A pencil is being used when parking chromatography plates because the ink could take part in reacting with the substance that it is placed in.7. Why should latex gloves be worn when preparing chromatography plates?Latex gloves should be worn to prevent contamination of the chromatogram8. The sample fine thin-layer chromatography plate, shown below, was prepared by spotting methyl red at R, sudan III at S, and bromocresol green at G. A single drop of each was placed on M. The plate was put in the developing solution until the solvent front reached 10 cm. Estimate the retention factor of R,S, and G, by measuring to the middle of the spot.0.625 ; .369. Describe how the TLC plate shown in question #8 was improperly prepared. For thin layer chromatography the adsorbe nt is coated as a thin layer onto a suitable support. This layer substance mixture is separated by elution with a suitable solvent.10. Suppose that, while one of the chromatography plates is developing, the beaker is accidently bumped, and the developing solution splashes on the TLC plate. Explain how this would influence the results.The results would shift dramatically towards the selected solution before.Materials List:Food dye solutions, 3 colors and an â€Å"unknown† dye mixture Sodium chloride solution Isopropyl alcohol Paper chromatography plates Capillary tubes Pencil Five 250-mL beakers Plastic wrap Metric ruler Lab notebook Latex gloves, safety goggles, lab apronsProcedure: Activity 11. Wearing latex gloves, obtain ten chromatography plates, as directed by the instructor. Prepare each chromatography plate by marking lightly with pencil, a line at the bottom. Draw two small dots on the bottom line. Place the labels B (blue) and R (red) below the dots on the line. Repe at with the yellow food dye (Y) on another chromatography paper. Prepare the remaining eight plates the same way so that you have five sets of chromatography plates. 2. Properly prepare 250 mL beakers3. Cover 250 mL beakers with plastic wrap 4. Prepare 10 mL of below solution and place them in the beakers. Label with the mobile phase composition. a. 1% salt water b. 1% salt water/isopropyl alcohol (3:1) mixture c. 1% salt water/isopropyl alcohol (1:1) mixture d. 1% salt water/isopropyl alcohol (1:3) mixture e. isopropyl alcohol 5. cover each beaker with a piece of plastic wrap 6. Prepare 1 mL of each dye solution 7. Place one drop of blue food dye with the capillary tube 8. Do this for the â€Å"R† (separate capillary tube) 9. Do this for the â€Å"Y† (separate capillary tube) 10. Allow droplet to fully dry 11. Gently lower one of the plates into one of the 250-mL developing solution beakers, ensuring that the dry food dye spots are at the bottom.Ensure that  no solv ent splashes onto the chromatography plate above the initial solvent level 12. Carefully re-cover the 250-mL beaker13. The solvent will quickly rise through the plate. Allow until  ¾ way 14. Once the solvent level has reached the maximum height, quickly remove the plate from the 250-mL beaker and mark the exact point of the solvent front before the solvent evaporates. (will take longer) 15. Mark the plate with the identity of the developing solution composition. Set the plate face-up to allow it to dry 16. Replace the plastic wrap cover on the 250-mL beaker17. Repeat steps 7-16 with each of the other developing solutions. Ensure that each plate is properly marked and labeled 18. Measure the distance between the bottom line and the upper solvent line on each plate. Record this information in the data table 1 for the corresponding developing solution 19. Identify and circle each spot corresponding to the indicator dyes on each of the chromatography plates 20. Measure the distance be tween the bottom line and the center of each indicator spot (B,R andY) on each plate. Record this data in the corresponding data table 21. Ask the instructor whether the chromatography plates should be retained or disposed off

High Crime Rate Essay

Also, some movies watched by individuals can play a role in some crimes being committed. Some individuals think it is ok to perform these acts of crime. This information is an eye opener to me. I would have never known this information if it was not for doing this research paper. I have come to the conclusion that I will never find the answers that I am looking for. There is no way that anyone in the wild could have an answer to why crime and violence is high in America. My opinion on why crime and violence is high is because people don’t seem to have a heart or respect others. This opinion has changed because the person committing crimes may get pleasure from it who knows. In my research the book Reducing Gun Violence (2012), I got a clear understanding of violent crime that relates to guns. This book talked about how gun crimes can be cut down, and what people in authority can do to make these changes. I feel that my research is inspiring because it demonstrates how crime and violent have impacted many communities here in America. I put a lot of time and energy in finding information on my why question and formatting my paper correctly. In my research I have come to a new point. Is there a thing as good crime?

Smirnoff Nightlife Exchange Media Campaign

SMIRNOFF NIGHTLIFE EXCHANGE MEDIA CAMPAIGN CHAU Hong Duc Table of content I. Analysis 1. Overview 2. Significant figures 3. Why is it successful? II. Recommendation III. References I. Analysis 1. Overview Smirnoff Night Life Exchange project is an annual promotion campaign integrates series of nightlife parties, leading to the biggest party in the November each year, along with global dancing competition judged by Madonna.Initiated by Smirnoff – the 1st worldwide vodka brand from 2010, Night Life Exchange reached a huge success in 2011; marked with November 12th 2011 night, with (1)50 countries and 10 million people around the world involved and celebrate the best world’s nightlife. 2. Significant figures (2) 10 million participants 50 countries 3000 tracks of partygoers 5000 â€Å"liked† Smirnoff cocktails on Facebook 8000 photos uploaded on Facebook One of 11 best social media campaigns in 2011 selected by Econsultancy. com (3) 3. Why is it successful?In this p art, I’ll just discuss on the media’s aspect, which I believe is the major factor leading to its success. Firstly, Smirnoff heavily takes advantages of social media, specifically Facebook fan pages. It created 50 fan pages for each country involved, such as Smirnoff Vietnam, Smirnoff. These pages are altogether connected to the main fan page of Smirnoff with the special application called Around the world, which earns more than 386,000 likes. Fan pages significantly make a huge impact on earning participants for the project. Along the line, they also generate local ebsite in each country to promote the event, to attract people signing up for the event and receiving any ideas for the biggest night, varied from which drinks are suggested, which singers should be put in and so on. On both pages and sites, they put on valuable information about cocktails recipes as well as creating amazing and viral small contests with prizes good enough for calling attendants. The two mos t important elements in this media campaign are: First, Smirnoff had a great idea of hosting an enormous one-of-a-kind event locally, which means people from all over the world can enjoy a mutual experience.This obviously woke up either the feeling of national pride or the toward-global tendency. Second, Smirnoff created the two-way communication with their target customers. They can technically involve in organizing â€Å"their† own party through the possibility of sharing thousands ideas. It’s excellent that Smirnoff is having an open dialogue rather just informing information to audiences. In conclusion, Smirnoff successfully created the shared value for an event, which is social media all about.Besides, the logo is very well designed with the theme color is red, which is also the theme color of Smirnoff with the symbol of an eagle, represents a feeling of powerful and courtesy. II. Recommendation However, there is still room for improvement if Smirnoff want to get bigger achievements through this project. I went through some of Nightlife Exchange’s local website and realized that the design, as well as domain name of those websites is not consistent, for example in Vietnam, it’s bethere. n but in another country, it’s totally different. Therefore, I recommend that instead of having separate websites, they should link all of countries into one mother site and from there, direct to local page, such as bethere. com/Vietnam or bethere. com/brazil. This would help them organize better customer database, better statistics and easily keep track of their customer. I also highly suggest using mobile marketing, which is cheap and fast method to spread out the information to audiences as well as check-in function on Facebook.They should encourage their fans to do check-in whenever they go to the party. This will create an impressive appearance on fan pages. Last but not least, the slogan â€Å"Be There†, though it’s qu ite suitable for the beginning phase, should be change into some words more encourage the individual uniqueness like â€Å"Be Yourself There† or â€Å"Be Unique There†. I think it will encourage people to join party and prove themselves to all people in the world and create a vast diversity of styles, bringing more liveliness to an event. III. Refernces (1)Madonna Resurfaces in Smirnoff Social Media Promotion http://mashable. com/2011/08/17/madonna-smirnoff/ – Todd Wasserman, Mashable, Aug 2011 * (2)Smirnoff Nightlife Exchange Project Gathers Millions Globally for the World's Biggest Nightlife Experience http://www. marketwire. com/press-release/smirnoff-nightlife-exchange-project-gathers-millions-globally-worlds-biggest-nightlife-1586027. htm – Marketwire, 2011 * (3)11 of the best social media campaigns of 2011 (and what we can learn from them) * http://econsultancy. om/fr/blog/8452-the-best-social-media-campaigns-of-2011-and-what-we-can-learn-from-them – Steve Richards, Econsultancy. com, Dec 2011 * Superstar line-up for the Smirnoff Nightlife Exchange Projectâ„ ¢ with The Potbelleez, Fourplay DJ's And DJ Gordo http://www. irishtimes. com/events/smirnoff-nightlife-exchange/thailand-exchange. html – Iristimes. com * https://www. facebook. com/Smirnoff * http://nightlifeexchange. vice. com/en * The Smirnoff Nightlife Exchange Project 2011 video clip http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=k9lCf8VkMio

Assignment as informatition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment as informatition - Research Paper Example These snow vehicles were further expanded to 12 seated capacity for ambulance and other transportation services in 1940 under the name L’Auto-Niege Bombardier Limitee. In 1949, Canadian government’s policy to remove snow from roads presented and major setback to the company but Bombardier responded by searching new markets and inventing a truck with interchangeable wheels and skis. In 1966, company went public to seek larger expansion and growth (Bombardier Inc. 25). Bombardier Recreational Products launched Sea-Doo watercraft which considerably increased its share in recreational market. Bombardier rebanded ATV as Can-Am, an all-terrain vehicle and started production of a three wheel open roadster vehicle under brand name Spyder before this division was sold out to Bombardier family in 2003 (Delmont 9). In 1974, Bombardier Transport won a mass transit contract to manufacture more than 400 cars for subway system in Montreal. Following this, in 1984 company had breakthro ugh success in contracting New York City Transit Authority for more than 800 subway rail transit cars. Bombardier planned to went global through acquisition of BN Constructions Ferroviaires et Metalliques S.A. Belgium in 1986, ANF Industrie France in 1989, Constructura Nacional de Carros de Ferrocarril Mexico in 1992, Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH & Co.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 41

Reflection - Essay Example In addition, there are various factors cited as limitations to interactional activities within the document. One of the limitation is learners are usually subjected to a scenario where they are engaged with inputs through complicated dimension of language. There are also various dimensions of interaction pointed and elaborated within the document; one of these dimensions is associated with the fact that interact has been perceived as an ideational activity: This entails that there are certain mental awareness that may exist among individuals, thus shaping the manner through, which they think on issues ascribed to the social and physical environment. Another fundamental issue covered within the document is impact of language on teaching. The document asserts that, indeed there are various impacts of language on teaching. One of the impacts is that language enables teachers and tutors to direct and provide appropriate guidance to their students. Consequently, there are micro-strategies that can used to facilitate interaction learning; one of these strategies is holiday shopping, which basically entails facilitated decision-making process among

Feminist Philosophy Reader by Alison Bailey and Chris Cuomo Coursework

Feminist Philosophy Reader by Alison Bailey and Chris Cuomo - Coursework Example The second section of the book mostly deals with issues pertaining to sex and gender. This section includes an essay from the now famous work by Simone de Beauvoir – the Second sex, which provides an insightful analysis into what makes the female different from the male from the emotional and psychological standpoint3. It also includes an essay by Judith Halberstam, which deals with transgender, i.e, the confusion that arises from being one gender trapped in the body of the other gender4. Anne Fausto Sterling’s essay also deals with the issue of transvestites and questions whether there should be such a strict delineation between the two genders5. These two articles differ from Beauvoir’s essay, which is primarily centered on the expression of a female identity, while the other two essays mentioned here deal with the identity crises faced by those women who are trapped in men’s bodies and vice versa. Yet another essay in this section, written by Oyeronke, deals with sex and gender from the African perspective and how Western theories may not always be relevant to African subjects6. 2. Section Five of the Book focuses on the political perspectives and implications associated with feminism and philosophy. It includes six essays by various authors. Spivak has dealt with the postcolonial approach to reason and in general, has rejected mainstream colonial literature in her analysis of feminist questions. She suggests that the values of theorists such as Marx and Kant are more relevant in today’s context.

Critical issue in global health ( a grant proposal to support efforts Thesis

Critical issue in global health ( a grant to support efforts to improve maternal and child health, in Kachere, a village in Kasungu. ) - Thesis Proposal Example As such, the CBO has come up with five strategies in the proposal namely; Improvement of maternal health in the community, Promote gender equality and empowerment to women, Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, Ensure that the environment is sustained, Eliminate poverty and hunger. Through these strategies, there will be direct and indirect solutions to this challenge and the community will remain healthy and full of life. Moreover, this project has incorporated stakeholders such as Traditional Authority (TA), Religious Groups, and Malawi International Organization (MIO) who will assist in planning and implementing the project. Apparently, it is evident that Kachere Village in Kasungu District has serious cases of poor health and poverty that has emerged from the poor living conditions of people in the village. Ideally, Eva’s two dead children serves as a perfect example how children have died from diseases such as pneumonia and malaria and those surviving are still suffering from related diseases. Moreover, the agricultural activities revolve around tobacco and maize farming, which are not easy to farm due to their inadequate returns. Furthermore, her husband who is alleged to be absent from home for extensive periods of time in search of employment has also became a challenging issue for Eva since is fear contracting HIV from the existing polygamy set up (Skolnik, 2008).   As a community based organization (CBO) on the ground, we have taken Eva’s living conditions as a sample to work with in the improvement of the living conditions of people in Kachere village (Hovenga & Mantas, 2005). Nevertheless, the CBO is aware that the community has three main stakeholders who are contributing towards development and health issues namely: Nongovernmental organizations (NGO) and International Organizations where the International Organizations have assisted in facilitating loans and savings to most groups that have been formed in the community. Of

Diversified Workforce and Leadership Power Assignment

Diversified Workforce and Leadership Power - Assignment Example Employers are also creating an inclusive environment where diverse employees work together, and feel that they are valued by an organization Dunbar & Burgoon, 2005). Unlike the past, employers today have recognized the benefit of seeking a mixed workforce that portrays composition of the operating environment. Diversifying the workforce has a lot of benefits to employers, especially those who seek to compete effectively in the global market. Diversified workforce gives them the opportunity to increase their cultural understanding, and they are exposed to more opportunities in new markets thus placing them in a better position to exploit new opportunities. A diversified workforce in a marketplace will be highly engaged and productive. Employers have found that fostering diversity in their workforce clearly shows a need for everybody’s talent within the organization, and assists to make them feel highly valued. Employers are being trained on the value of fostering diversity in their workforce, especially as a means of promoting equality and inclusivity in their organizations (McGurre & Mammed, 2010). Power is seen as the capacity that one possesses to produce certain effects, more so, being able to influence the behaviour of others (Burgoon & Dunbar, 2005). Contextually, this definition has been extended to describe the power of leaders in their workplaces. Leaders have been characterized by their capacity to make various decisions in an organization, and their ability to influence their juniors or fellow employees’ actions and perceptions. Power is an important tool for leaders who know the relationship between the use of power, subordinates’ satisfaction, and organizational commitment. This power is based on a manager’s position in the organization and is validated by the members of the involved organization (Rahim, Kim & Kim, 2014). The structure of an organization stipulates the framework to enact legitimate power since it not only outlines the rights and responsibilities of the organization but also establishes the hierarchy in the organization.  Ã‚  

Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Example for Free

Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Physician Assisted Suicide (Physician Assisted Suicide) also referred to as Physician Aid-in-dying (PAD) is practice in which a physician assist a terminally patient in the termination of his/her own life by prescribing a deadly/lethal medication. â€Å"The term physician aid-in-dying is used to describe the practice authorized under the Washington and Oregon Death with Dignity Acts†¦.† Starks (2009). In other words physician aid-in dying is the politically correct term. The act is only legal if the patient is terminally ill, has six months or less to live and must be mentally stable to make their own decision. I think Physician Assisted Suicide is unjust because I am a Christian, and based on my religion, it is against the law of God to take the life of another human being. Honestly I must say I contradict myself when it comes to this topic. In my personal opinion I would say Physician Assisted Suicide is ethically permissible because I feel the patient should be allowed to make their own decision when it relates to their own life. A physician’s job is to help alleviate the patient’s pain and if the patient has an illness that cannot be cured and the physician is sure there really is no more he can do for the patient why not aid the in dying. I think it will make things a little easier and more convenient because if a person really is tired of suffering they may decide to end their own life which may be very messy and will cause more devastation to the patient’s family. With the physician’s assistance, the family will be prepared and there will not be a big mess to clean up. From the outside looking in, no one knows what the patient is going through or how much they are suffering; no one understands how they may feel or how much pain they can bare. If they feel death would relieve them from th eir misery and remove the suffering, I think it should be their decision. I really do not see a difference in Physician Assisted Suicide and the refusal of life sustaining treatment (which is legal). If a person refuses treatment which without will cause them to die is it not the same as committing suicide, the only difference is the process will take a longer time period. Dr Timothy Quill states â€Å"the analogy is of one person sitting on the beach waiting for the tide to come in to drown and then another person walking into the ocean to drown.† Boyd (ND) When considering Physician Assisted Suicide and my religion I must disagree, though I am for people being allowed to make their own decisions when it comes to their own life my religion convicts me and tells me I am wrong because no matter how I feel about this situation personally it is still wrong in the eyes of God. Everyone is at fault, the physician is wrong because the bible says it is a sin to cause harm to someone or to take the life of another persons, even though the intentions are good it is against the laws of God. The patient is wrong because it is a sin the take your own life and it is wrong for all who a re in connection with the act and allowing it to take place. God loves us and he does not want us to suffer in pain or live a sad helpless, hopeless life, he will never put more on us than we can bare, even before he created us he knew what time we would be born and he knows the same about when we will die, who are we to try to take control over this? God performs amazing miracles, I have seen him do it, who is to say, before someone decides to end their life, and just before the physician administer the lethal medication, God does not allow for a breakthrough and heal the person. People do not have faith like they should and they do not believe this can be done therefore this is not a risk they are willing to take, most would rather take the easy road and do anything to relieve the suffering right now. Unfortunately, the bulk of this responsibility falls on the physician. Physicians care about their patients, their goal is to find out what is wrong with the patient, diagnose the patient with what they prove to be wrong and then treat the patient until they can either cure the illness or try to extend their life expectancy as long as possible. Ethical egoist may interpret Physician Assisted Suicide as a selfish act, for example, they could insist the physician is abusing the act by pressuring a terminally ill patient or their family to end the life of the patient by advising them it would be for the best because the patient is suffering and there is nothing more he/she can do for the patient. Of course the family would consider what the physician is saying because they do not want their family member to suffer, however, the physician may only be doing what he feel is best for the patient, at the same time a physician should never bring up this topic for discussion, he should allow the patient to address the concern first. There are many ethical issues facing assisted suicide. Many people get â€Å"the right-to-die† confused with â€Å"assisted suicide†. â€Å"While right-to-die cases are different than assisted suicide cases — right-to-die usually refers to the removal of feeding tubes or ventilators keeping unconscious or vegetative patients alive, as opposed to people actively deciding to end their lives†. (Pickert, 2009) Though Physician Assisted Suicide is considered unethical and illegal, recently there have been more calls in favor of its legalization. Some professional arguments in favor of Physician Assisted Suicide are respect for autonomy; self-determination, covering the facts that people should have the right to make their own decisions, they should be able to determine their own place, date and time of death if they wish. Another argument in favor is justice; fairness, this argument takes the matter to a legal level, it allows the patient the right to refuse treatment to perpetuate their life. Compassion; sympathy is argues that suffering is worse that the pain itself, it causes a person to breakdown physically, mentally, and emotionally due to the lack of independence, one may feel like a burden to others, physicians can give medicines to relieve pain but there is no cure for suffering. Honesty and Transparency would open doors for discussions and options, if it was legal is would make it easier for people to talk about it and for physicians to provide better care concerning the end of a person’s life. To this day people are still fighting to make assisted suicide legal. â€Å"Each year for 14 years, Wisconsin legislators have introduced an assisted-suicide bill. So far, all have died in committee, but 2007’s version is still on the table. California, Hawaii, Arizona and Vermont have repeatedly rebuffed assisted-suicide proposals, but each has faced another proposal in 2007. Most of these bills are virtually identical to Oregon’s assisted suicide law †. (Enouen, 2012) I’m sure many have heard or read or about Dr. Kevorkian, who was also in favor of Physician Assisted Suicide, in 1998 administered a lethal injection to his then patient Thomas Youk, on the 60 minutes TV show. In Oakland County, Michigan Physician Assisted Suicide is considered illegal therefore â€Å"Kevorkian was convicted of second degree murder in 1998, and sentenced to a 15-25 year term of which he served 8 years, and was released in 2007† Starks (2009). I’m sure Dr. Kevorkian has been Mr. York’s doctor for many years. I sure they had build a relationship together and Dr. Kevorkian care about him, therefore I’m sure it was not an easy task for the physician to complete, however he (Dr. Kevorkian) did what he felt was best for his patient. On the opposite end there is another group of professionals who oppose Physician Assisted Suicide arguing that it is ethically impermissible. Sanctity of life; due to religious reasons Physician Assisted Suicide is morally wrong. Exodus 20:13 states â€Å"Thou shalt not kill,† Brodman Holman (1979). â€Å"A 1997 study conducted by the American Medical Association (AMA) found that more than half of Americans believe physician-assisted suicide should be legal. Many patients decided to choose assisted suicide because they are afraid of the pain they will endure cause by their illness. There are some alternatives to assisted suicide such as pain management, to make the patients as comfortable as possible. â€Å"With very rare exceptions, physical pain can be eliminated or brought within tolerable limits by aggressive drug therapy-therapy which need not leave the patient in a stupor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pain also has a psychological dimension which, if appropriately addressed, can significantly reduce the patients experience of physical pain. The isolation of illness can be reduced through the support of families and the community, as well as the creation of a caring environment in which one is treated†. (Linton, 1993) However, when people are told about alternatives to the technological treatments so many of us fear, and about the availability of pain control and hospice care, their support for physician-assisted suicide goes down to under one-fifth. This study seems to show that when people are informed about all of their end-of-life choices, they are less likely to opt for suicide.† Lynn Harrold (1999, 2006) Many argue that there is a passive vs. active distinction; passive is when one is allowed to die, active is killing someone. When someone refuse treatment or treatment is withheld and they die it is considered justified however when Physician Assisted Suicide is used it is murder and unjustifiable. Others argue that it could be a potential cause for abuse, poor populations with minimal healthcare may be pushed towards Physician Assisted Suicide, and it may become a cost efficient â€Å"way out†. If a family member is a burden to the family, and for insurance purposes, these too may be causes for leaning towards Physician Assisted Suicide. Another argument against Physician Assisted Suicide is professional integrity, it relates to the Hippocratic Oath which states â€Å"I will not administer poison to anyone where asked,† and I will â€Å"be of benefit, or at least do no harm,† Starks (2009) this is the oath that ALL physicians must take before officially becoming doctors. If they agree to Physician Assisted Suicide they are going against the pledge they agreed to, this could initially cause harm to the â€Å"integrity and the public‘s image of the profession,† it may also make it difficult for patients to trust them. Lastly and maybe the most important argument is fallibility of the profession; the fear that physicians could make mistakes, possibly misdiagnosis or prognosis. â€Å"There may be errors in diagnosis or treatment of depression, or inadequate treatment of pain. Thus the State has an obligation to protect lives from these inevitable mistakes and to improve the quality of pain and symptom management at the end of life.† Starks (2009) I think the more research I do agree that Physician Assisted Suicide should remain illegal. I solely make this decision based on my religion. Who are we to make judgment on when to end lives? We did not give life to ourselves or anyone else. I think she should have faith in God and know that he will never put more on you than you can bear. Suicide and assisting someone in a suicide is wrong. As it states in Numbers 35:30, â€Å"whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be put to death by the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die.† Brodman Holman (1979) People speak of showing compassion and caring for others, â€Å"killing is not compassion. That is Orwellian Newspeak, a language without meaning. If love is death and mercy is killing, then words mean nothing.† St. Clair (2009 Unfortunately the future affects of assisted suicide is currently undetermined. I personally think people will continue to fight for assisted suicide to become legal, however I do not think this will take place because wither way you look at it, many will still consider this murder. If I was in this situation and had to decide whether to allow my family member to live and suffer or allow them to end their life, I would choose to let them live, based only on my religion and knowing who my God is. This does not mean I wish for my loved one to live in pain or uncomfortable, however this does put my Lord and savior to the test. Through my religion and being raised as Christian I have learned that God will not put more on you than you can bare. At a time like this I will turn to what is known, in my religion, as a secret weapon, and at this point I will fast and pray. I will not ask God to allow my loved one to live or die, however I will ask that his will be done, and if it is his will for my loved one to live I ask for a full quick recovery, if its Gods will to discontinue their life, I will only ask for peace. No matter what situation I encounter I put God first and he enables me to make precise decisions. Personally I feel it must be very difficult to watch as a person you love and care for lay helpless, in pain, suffering from an illness, watching as they deteriorate not only physically, but mentally, spiritually and emotionally. Stepping outside of my spiritual realm I would feel terrible because I would feel I am allowing my loved one to suffer even if they had asked to be â€Å"put down† I may feel God is not healing fast enough and things are not going the way I think they should. Only for the love of the my loved one and to relieve their suffering would I agree with physician assisted suicide, however I think in the end I will feel terrible because I would have assisted in the role to determine when to end their life, knowing it was not my decision to make and not knowing if God was going to open a door and make way for a breakthrough for them to overcome the illness. Just knowing my God I know he can perform miracles and he can make a way out of no way, the hardest thing to do is to be patient. Therefore in the meantime, I would do what I could to make my loved one as comfortable as possible; I will encourage them and continue to pray. I cannot honestly say how I would react in this situation; just the thought of hearing of the death of a loved one and their request to end their life makes me feel as if my heart has been cut in half. At the same time it makes me ask myself, am I being selfish? Do I only want my loved one to live because I love them and I do not feel ready to deal with the death of them? Do their feelings even matter to me? Do I not care that they are suffering? There is so much more to making this decision than I have not really given thought to. If I do agree with the assisted suicide, how would the rest of my life go, will I have to live with the weight on my shoulders that I assisted in the death of my loved? Now this is something I do not think I can live with, just the pressure in the back of my mind would potentially cause depression to set in which will lead to other problems in my life as far as preventing me from giving myself fully to the remainder of my family and being all that I can be, it may also affect my job performance and other areas of my life. I do not think that is something I want to cope with. Therefore I think I would allow the doctors to do all they can do to make my loved one comfortable and ease their pain; I will pray sit back and allow Gods will to be done. I will try to make the last days as enjoyable as possible by spending as much time with them as I can and talking with them, reminiscing about our lives together and special memories. Until Physician Assisted Suicide is legalized nationwide, it should be brought to the forefront and to the attention of the public. Many do not know of this practice until they are face to face with having to make a life or death decision, or until they or a family member is on their death bed. The public should be educated on Physician Assisted Suicide, not to persuade them to agree but for information purposes, they will base their decision on their own understanding, however until everyone gets a full understanding they will all be skeptical. There is a big debate in the topic of Physician Assisted Suicide and both sides present convincing arguments, however it does not look as if an agreement is in the near future, however the Supreme Court did allow each state to pass their own laws on Physician Assisted Suicide and whether it would be legalized or not, nevertheless, as of right now the only state where it is legal is in Oregon, which means at the present moment, if a patient decides he/she wants to terminate his/her life they will need to book a flight to Oregon. References Andrew D. Boyd, University of Texas Southwestern at Dallas, Physician-Assisted Suicide: For and Against (ND) Retrieved from www.amsa.org/AMSA/Libraries/Docs/PhysicianAssistedSuicide.sflb.ashx Brodman Holman Publishers, King James Version (1979) Enouen, S. (2012) Life Issues Institute. Current Attempts to Legalize Assisted Suicide in the U.S. Retrieved from http://www.lifeissues.org/euthanasia/current_attempts.htm Helen Starks, PhD, MPH Assistant Professor, Bioethics and Humanities (2009) Retrieved from http://depts.washingtonedu/bioethx/topics/pad Jane St. Clair, 30 Logical Reasons Against Physician-Assisted Suicide (2009) Retrieved from http://janestclair.net/30-logical-reasons-against-physician-assisted-suicide/ Joanne Lynn, M.D. and Joan Harrold, M.D, Handbook for Mortals: Hastening Death: Arguments against physician-assisted suicide (1999, 2006) Retrieved from http://www.growthhouse.org/mortals/mort2526.html Linton, P.B., (1993) Chicago Tribune. Better Solutions Than Assisted Suicide. December 26, 1993 Retrieved from http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-12-26/news/9312260140_1_suicide-assisted-pain Pickert, K. (2009). Time U.S. A Brief History of Assisted Suicide. March 03, 2009. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1882684,00.html